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钠-葡萄糖协同转运蛋白 2 抑制剂恩格列净通过 AMPKα/MMP9/TGF-β1/Smad 通路抑制自然衰老雄性小鼠的骨骼肌纤维化。

The SGLT2 inhibitor empagliflozin inhibits skeletal muscle fibrosis in naturally aging male mice through the AMPKα/MMP9/TGF-β1/Smad pathway.

机构信息

Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, China.

Department of Endocrinology, The Ninth People's Hospital of Chongqing, Chongqing, 400700, China.

出版信息

Biogerontology. 2024 Jun;25(3):567-581. doi: 10.1007/s10522-024-10093-y. Epub 2024 Feb 26.

Abstract

With advancing age, the incidence of sarcopenia increases, eventually leading to a cascade of adverse events. However, there is currently a lack of effective pharmacological treatment for sarcopenia. Sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitor (SGLT2i) empagliflozin demonstrates anti-fibrotic capabilities in various organs. This study aims to determine whether empagliflozin can improve skeletal muscle fibrosis induced by sarcopenia in naturally aging mice. A natural aging model was established by feeding male mice from 13 months of age to 19 months of age. A fibrosis model was created by stimulating skeletal muscle fibroblasts with TGF-β1. The Forelimb grip strength test assessed skeletal muscle function, and expression levels of COL1A1, COL3A1, and α-SMA were analyzed by western blot, qPCR, and immunohistochemistry. Additionally, levels of AMPKα/MMP9/TGFβ1/Smad signaling pathways were examined. In naturally aging mice, skeletal muscle function declines, expression of muscle fibrosis markers increases, AMPKα expression is downregulated, and MMP9/TGFβ1/Smad signaling pathways are upregulated. However, treatment with empagliflozin reverses this phenomenon. At the cellular level, empagliflozin exhibits similar anti-fibrotic effects, and these effects are attenuated by Compound C and siAMPKα. Empagliflozin exhibits anti-fibrotic effects, possibly associated with the AMPK/MMP9/TGFβ1/Smad signaling pathways.

摘要

随着年龄的增长,肌少症的发病率增加,最终导致一系列不良事件。然而,目前对于肌少症还没有有效的药物治疗方法。钠-葡萄糖共转运蛋白 2 抑制剂(SGLT2i)恩格列净在多种器官中具有抗纤维化作用。本研究旨在确定恩格列净是否可以改善自然衰老小鼠因肌少症引起的骨骼肌纤维化。通过从 13 个月龄喂养雄性小鼠至 19 个月龄来建立自然衰老模型。通过用 TGF-β1 刺激骨骼肌成纤维细胞来创建纤维化模型。通过前肢握力测试评估骨骼肌功能,并通过 Western blot、qPCR 和免疫组织化学分析 COL1A1、COL3A1 和 α-SMA 的表达水平。此外,还检测了 AMPKα/MMP9/TGFβ1/Smad 信号通路的水平。在自然衰老小鼠中,骨骼肌功能下降,肌肉纤维化标志物表达增加,AMPKα表达下调,MMP9/TGFβ1/Smad 信号通路上调。然而,恩格列净治疗可逆转这种现象。在细胞水平上,恩格列净表现出相似的抗纤维化作用,而这些作用可被 Compound C 和 siAMPKα 减弱。恩格列净具有抗纤维化作用,可能与 AMPK/MMP9/TGFβ1/Smad 信号通路有关。

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