大口黑鲈（）五个性别相关基因的全基因组鉴定、序列比对和转录
Genome-Wide Identification, Sequence Alignment, and Transcription of Five Sex-Related Genes in Largemouth Bass ().
机构信息
College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China.
Shenzhen Key Lab of Marine Genomics, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Molecular Breeding in Marine Economic Animals, BGI Academy of Marine Sciences, BGI Marine, 518081 Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
出版信息
Front Biosci (Landmark Ed). 2024 Feb 6;29(2):63. doi: 10.31083/j.fbl2902063.
BACKGROUND
Largemouth bass () is an economically important fish species in China. Most research has focused on its growth, disease resistance, and nutrition improvement. However, the sex-determining genes in largemouth bass are still unclear. The transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) gene family, including , and , plays an important role in the sex determination and differentiation of various fishes. These genes are potentially involved in sex determination in largemouth bass.
METHODS
We performed a systematic analysis of 5 sex-related genes (, , , , ) in largemouth bass using sequence alignment, collinearity analysis, transcriptome, and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). This included a detailed assessment of their sequences, gene structures, evolutionary traits, and gene transcription patterns in various tissues including gonads, and at different developmental stages.
RESULTS
Comparative genomics revealed that the 5 sex-related genes were highly conserved in various fish genomes. These genes did not replicate, mutate or lose in largemouth bass. However, some were duplicated (, and ), mutated () or lost () in other fishes. Some genes (e.g., ) showed significant differences in genomic sequence between males and females, which may contribute to sex determination and sex differentiation in these fishes. qRT-PCR was applied to quantify transcription profiling of the 5 genes during gonadal development and in the adult largemouth bass. Interestingly, , and were predominantly expressed in the testis, while and were mainly transcribed in the ovary. All 5 sex-related genes were differentially expressed in the testes and ovaries from the 56th day post-fertilization (dpf). We therefore speculate that male/female differentiation in the largemouth bass may begin at this critical time-point. Examination of the transcriptome data also allowed us to screen out several more sex-related candidate genes.
CONCLUSIONS
Our results provide a valuable genetic resource for investigating the physiological functions of these 5 sex-related genes in sex determination and gonadal differentiation, as well as in the control of gonad stability in adult largemouth bass.
背景
大口黑鲈（）是中国具有重要经济价值的鱼类。大多数研究集中在其生长、抗病性和营养改善方面。然而，大口黑鲈的性别决定基因仍不清楚。转化生长因子-β（TGF-β）基因家族，包括、和，在各种鱼类的性别决定和分化中发挥着重要作用。这些基因可能参与大口黑鲈的性别决定。
方法
我们使用序列比对、共线性分析、转录组和定量实时聚合酶链反应（qRT-PCR）对大口黑鲈的 5 个与性别相关的基因（、、、、）进行了系统分析。这包括详细评估它们在不同鱼类基因组中的序列、基因结构、进化特征以及在性腺和不同发育阶段的各种组织中的基因转录模式。
结果
比较基因组学显示，5 个与性别相关的基因在各种鱼类基因组中高度保守。这些基因在大口黑鲈中没有复制、突变或丢失。然而，在其他鱼类中，有些基因（如、和）发生了复制、突变或丢失。一些基因（如）在雌雄个体的基因组序列上存在显著差异，这可能有助于这些鱼类的性别决定和性别分化。qRT-PCR 用于定量测定 5 个基因在性腺发育和成年大口黑鲈中的转录谱。有趣的是，、和在睾丸中主要表达，而和在卵巢中主要转录。在 56 天受精后（dpf），这 5 个与性别相关的基因在睾丸和卵巢中均有差异表达。因此，我们推测大口黑鲈的雄性/雌性分化可能在这个关键时间点开始。对转录组数据的检查还允许我们筛选出更多与性别相关的候选基因。
结论
我们的研究结果为研究这 5 个与性别相关的基因在性别决定和性腺分化以及控制成年大口黑鲈性腺稳定性中的生理功能提供了有价值的遗传资源。
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