Department of Pathology and Molecular Diagnostics, Aichi Cancer Center Hospital, Nagoya, Japan.
Center for Clinical Pathology, Fujita Health University Hospital, Toyoake, Japan.
Blood Adv. 2024 May 14;8(9):2138-2147. doi: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2023012019.
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-positive (EBV+) nodal T- and natural killer (NK)-cell lymphoma is a peripheral T-cell lymphoma (EBV+ nPTCL) that presents as a primary nodal disease with T-cell phenotype and EBV-harboring tumor cells. To date, the genetic aspect of EBV+ nPTCL has not been fully investigated. In this study, whole-exome and/or whole-genome sequencing was performed on 22 cases of EBV+ nPTCL. TET2 (68%) and DNMT3A (32%) were observed to be the most frequently mutated genes whose presence was associated with poor overall survival (P = .004). The RHOA p.Gly17Val mutation was identified in 2 patients who had TET2 and/or DNMT3A mutations. In 4 patients with TET2/DNMT3A alterations, blood cell-rich tissues (the bone marrow [BM] or spleen) were available as paired normal samples. Of 4 cases, 3 had at least 1 identical TET2/DNMT3A mutation in the BM or spleen. Additionally, the whole part of the EBV genome was sequenced and structural variations (SVs) were found frequent among the EBV genomes (63%). The most frequently identified type of SV was deletion. In 1 patient, 4 pieces of human chromosome 9, including programmed death-ligand 1 gene (PD-L1) were identified to be tandemly incorporated into the EBV genome. The 3' untranslated region of PD-L1 was truncated, causing a high-level of PD-L1 protein expression. Overall, the frequent TET2 and DNMT3A mutations in EBV+ nPTCL seem to be closely associated with clonal hematopoiesis and, together with the EBV genome deletions, may contribute to the pathogenesis of this intractable lymphoma.
EB 病毒阳性(EBV+)结外 T 和自然杀伤(NK)细胞淋巴瘤是一种外周 T 细胞淋巴瘤(EBV+ nPTCL),表现为以 T 细胞表型和携带 EBV 的肿瘤细胞为特征的原发性结外疾病。迄今为止,EBV+ nPTCL 的遗传方面尚未得到充分研究。在这项研究中,对 22 例 EBV+ nPTCL 进行了全外显子组和/或全基因组测序。观察到 TET2(68%)和 DNMT3A(32%)是最常发生突变的基因,其存在与总体生存不良相关(P=0.004)。在 2 例同时存在 TET2 和/或 DNMT3A 突变的患者中发现了 RHOA p.Gly17Val 突变。在 4 例具有 TET2/DNMT3A 改变的患者中,可获得富含血细胞的组织(骨髓[BM]或脾脏)作为配对正常样本。在这 4 例中,有 3 例在 BM 或脾脏中至少存在 1 个相同的 TET2/DNMT3A 突变。此外,还对整个 EBV 基因组进行了测序,发现 EBV 基因组中存在频繁的结构变异(SVs)(63%)。最常见的 SV 类型是缺失。在 1 例患者中,发现 4 个人类染色体 9 片段,包括程序性死亡配体 1 基因(PD-L1),被串联整合到 EBV 基因组中。PD-L1 的 3'非翻译区被截断,导致高水平的 PD-L1 蛋白表达。总体而言,EBV+ nPTCL 中频繁出现的 TET2 和 DNMT3A 突变似乎与克隆性造血密切相关,与 EBV 基因组缺失一起,可能有助于这种难治性淋巴瘤的发病机制。
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