Karam Sana Nasim, Bilal Kashif, Khan Abdul Nasir, Shuja Junaid, Abdulkadir Said Jadid
Department of Computer Science, Allama Iqbal Open University, Islamabad, Pakistan.
Department of Computer Science, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad, Pakistan.
PeerJ Comput Sci. 2024 Feb 29;10:e1908. doi: 10.7717/peerj-cs.1908. eCollection 2024.
The oil and gas industries (OGI) are the primary global energy source, with pipelines as vital components for OGI transportation. However, pipeline leaks pose significant risks, including fires, injuries, environmental harm, and property damage. Therefore, maintaining an effective pipeline maintenance system is critical for ensuring a safe and sustainable energy supply. The Internet of Things (IoT) has emerged as a cutting-edge technology for efficient OGI pipeline leak detection. However, deploying IoT in OGI monitoring faces significant challenges due to hazardous environments and limited communication infrastructure. Energy efficiency and fault tolerance, typical IoT concerns, gain heightened importance in the OGI context. In OGI monitoring, IoT devices are linearly deployed with no alternative communication mechanism available along OGI pipelines. Thus, the absence of both communication routes can disrupt crucial data transmission. Therefore, ensuring energy-efficient and fault-tolerant communication for OGI data is paramount. Critical data needs to reach the control center on time for faster actions to avoid loss. Low latency communication for critical data is another challenge of the OGI monitoring environment. Moreover, IoT devices gather a plethora of OGI parameter data including redundant values that hold no relevance for transmission to the control center. Thus, optimizing data transmission is essential to conserve energy in OGI monitoring. This article presents the Priority-Based, Energy-Efficient, and Optimal Data Routing Protocol (PO-IMRP) to tackle these challenges. The energy model and congestion control mechanism optimize data packets for an energy-efficient and congestion-free network. In PO-IMRP, nodes are aware of their energy status and communicate node's depletion status timely for network robustness. Priority-based routing selects low-latency routes for critical data to avoid OGI losses. Comparative analysis against linear LEACH highlights PO-IMRP's superior performance in terms of total packet transmission by completing fewer rounds with more packet's transmissions, attributed to the packet optimization technique implemented at each hop, which helps mitigate network congestion. MATLAB simulations affirm the effectiveness of the protocol in terms of energy efficiency, fault-tolerance, and low latency communication.
石油和天然气行业（OGI）是全球主要的能源来源，管道是OGI运输的重要组成部分。然而，管道泄漏会带来重大风险，包括火灾、人员伤亡、环境破坏和财产损失。因此，维持有效的管道维护系统对于确保安全和可持续的能源供应至关重要。物联网（IoT）已成为一种用于高效OGI管道泄漏检测的前沿技术。然而，由于恶劣环境和有限的通信基础设施，在OGI监测中部署物联网面临重大挑战。能源效率和容错能力是典型的物联网问题，在OGI环境中变得尤为重要。在OGI监测中，物联网设备沿OGI管道呈线性部署，且没有备用通信机制。因此，两条通信路径的缺失可能会中断关键数据传输。因此，确保OGI数据的节能和容错通信至关重要。关键数据需要及时到达控制中心以便更快采取行动避免损失。关键数据的低延迟通信是OGI监测环境的另一个挑战。此外，物联网设备收集大量OGI参数数据，包括与传输到控制中心无关的冗余值。因此，优化数据传输对于在OGI监测中节约能源至关重要。本文提出了基于优先级、节能和最优数据路由协议（PO-IMRP）来应对这些挑战。能量模型和拥塞控制机制针对节能和无拥塞网络优化数据包。在PO-IMRP中，节点了解其能量状态，并及时传达节点的耗尽状态以实现网络稳健性。基于优先级的路由为关键数据选择低延迟路由以避免OGI损失。与线性LEACH的对比分析表明，PO-IMRP在总数据包传输方面具有卓越性能，通过更少的轮次完成更多数据包的传输，这归因于在每一跳实施的数据包优化技术，有助于缓解网络拥塞。MATLAB仿真证实了该协议在能源效率、容错能力和低延迟通信方面的有效性。
