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以有蹄类动物为主导的景观中的种子扩散综合征假说。

The seed dispersal syndrome hypothesis in ungulate-dominated landscapes.

机构信息

Centro de Investigaciones Sobre Desertificación CIDE, CSIC-UVEG-GV, Carretera de Moncada a Náquera, km 4.5, 46113, Moncada (Valencia), Spain.

Estación Biológica de Doñana (EBD - CSIC), c/Americo Vespucio 26, 41092, Seville, Spain.

出版信息

Sci Rep. 2024 Mar 5;14(1):5436. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-55820-0.

Abstract

The Seed Dispersal Syndrome Hypothesis (SDSH) posits that fruit traits predict the main dispersers interacting with plant species. Mammalian dispersers, relying heavily on olfactory cues, are expected to select dull-colored, scented, and larger fruits compared to birds. However, challenges like overabundant seed predators and context-dependency of frugivore-plant interactions complicate SDSH expectations. We studied the Iberian pear, Pyrus bourgaeana, an expected mammal-dispersed tree based on its fruit traits. Extensive camera-trapping data (over 35,000 records) from several tree populations and years revealed visits from seven frugivore groups, with ungulate fruit predators (59-97%) and carnivore seed dispersers (1-20%) most frequent, while birds, lagomorphs, and rodents were infrequent (0-10%). Red deer and wild boar were also the main fruit removers in all sites and years but acted as fruit and seed predators, and thus likely exert conflicting selection pressures to those exerted by seed dispersers. Although, as predicted by the SDSH, most Iberian pear fruits were consumed by large and medium-sized mammals, the traits of Iberian pear fruits likely reflect selection pressures from dispersal vectors in past times. Our results do not challenge the SDHS but do reveal the importance of considering frugivore functional roles for its adequate evaluation.

摘要

种子散布综合征假说(SDSH)认为,果实特征可预测与植物物种相互作用的主要散布者。与鸟类相比,依赖嗅觉线索的哺乳动物散布者预计会选择颜色暗淡、有香味和更大的果实。然而,种子捕食者过多和食果者-植物相互作用的情境依赖性等挑战使 SDSH 的预期变得复杂。我们研究了伊比利亚梨(Pyrus bourgaeana),这是一种基于其果实特征预计为哺乳动物散布的树种。从几个树种和年份获得的广泛摄像机诱捕数据(超过 35000 条记录)显示,有七个食果者群体的访问,其中食果的有蹄类动物(59-97%)和肉食性种子散布者(1-20%)最常见,而鸟类、兔形目动物和啮齿动物则很少见(0-10%)。红鹿和野猪也是所有地点和年份中主要的果实去除者,但它们既是果实又是种子捕食者,因此可能对种子散布者施加了相互冲突的选择压力。尽管大多数伊比利亚梨果实如 SDSH 所预测的那样被大中型哺乳动物消耗,但伊比利亚梨果实的特征可能反映了过去传播媒介的选择压力。我们的研究结果并未挑战 SDSH,但确实揭示了考虑食果者功能角色对其进行适当评估的重要性。

https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/2c48/10914747/45fdaf5125c2/41598_2024_55820_Fig1_HTML.jpg

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