对精神障碍患者的态度：伊朗药剂师的看法如何？
Attitude toward patients with mental disorders: what is going on amongst Iranian pharmacies?
机构信息
Mental Health Research Center, Psychosocial Health Research Institute, Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Brain and Cognition Clinic, Institute for Cognitive Sciences Studies, Tehran, Iran.
出版信息
BMC Psychol. 2024 Mar 6;12(1):126. doi: 10.1186/s40359-024-01604-0.
INTRODUCTION
As the incidence of mental disorders continues to rise, and pharmacy staff can significantly affect the willingness of patients with mental disorders to seek help; we aimed to evaluate the stigmatizing attitude of the pharmacy staff toward these patients in Iran.
METHODS
We conducted this cross-sectional study between April 2020 and December 2021 in Tehran, Iran, and included pharmacists, pharmacy technicians and pharmacy students, with the experience of working in a pharmacy for at least three months. The social distance scale (SDS) and dangerousness scale (DS) were used to measure the stigmatizing attitude of the participants. Higher scores indicated more stigmatizing attitudes.
RESULTS
We included a total of 186 participants with a mean age of 32.97 ± 9.41 years, of which 101 (54.3%) were male, and 75 (40.3%) were pharmacists, 101 (54.3%) were pharmacy technicians, and 8 (4.3%) were pharmacy students. The mean SDS score was 14.2 ± 4.13, and the mean DS score was 33.85 ± 8.92. The greatest tendency for social distance was reported for a patient with a mental disorder, 'being the caretaker of their children for an hour or two' and 'marrying their children.' The most perceived dangerousness was reported for a patient with a mental disorder 'owning a gun.' Positive personal history of psychopharmacological treatment was statistically correlated with lower DS (P = 0.001) and SDS (P = 0.007) scores. Positive family history of psychiatric inpatient admission was significantly correlated with higher DS (P = 0.05) and SDS (P = 0.03) scores. Higher rates of 'received psychiatric prescriptions per month' was associated with lower DS scores (P = 0.04).
CONCLUSION
Our participants did not have an overall positive attitude toward patients with mental disorders. Although, compared to previous studies, they held a more positive attitude. Positive personal history of psychopharmacological treatment predicted a more positive attitude and positive family history of psychiatric inpatient admission predicted a more negative attitude.
介绍
随着精神障碍发病率的不断上升，药剂师的态度可能会显著影响精神障碍患者寻求帮助的意愿。本研究旨在评估伊朗药剂师对这些患者的歧视态度。
方法
本研究为 2020 年 4 月至 2021 年 12 月在伊朗德黑兰进行的横断面研究，纳入了有至少三个月在药房工作经验的药剂师、药剂技术员和药学学生。采用社会距离量表（SDS）和危险量表（DS）评估参与者的歧视态度。评分越高表示歧视态度越严重。
结果
共纳入 186 名参与者，平均年龄为 32.97±9.41 岁，其中 101 名（54.3%）为男性，75 名（40.3%）为药剂师，101 名（54.3%）为药剂技术员，8 名（4.3%）为药学学生。SDS 评分的平均值为 14.2±4.13，DS 评分的平均值为 33.85±8.92。报告的最大社会距离倾向是患者患有精神障碍，“照顾他们的孩子一两个小时”和“与他们的孩子结婚”。认为最危险的是患者患有精神障碍，“拥有枪支”。有精神药理学治疗个人史的参与者的 DS（P=0.001）和 SDS（P=0.007）评分较低，而有精神科住院治疗家族史的参与者的 DS（P=0.05）和 SDS（P=0.03）评分较高。“每月收到的精神科处方数量”较高与 DS 评分较低相关（P=0.04）。
结论
参与者对精神障碍患者的总体态度并不积极。尽管与之前的研究相比，他们的态度更为积极。精神药理学治疗的个人史阳性预测态度更为积极，精神科住院治疗的家族史阳性预测态度更为消极。
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