Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, 44519 Zagazig, Sharkia Gov., Egypt.
Pestic Biochem Physiol. 2024 Feb;199:105801. doi: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2024.105801. Epub 2024 Jan 20.
Atrazine is a widely applied herbicide to improve crop yield and maintain general health. It has been reported to impair thyroid function and architecture in experimental animals. Alterations in thyroid hormones disrupt normal body function and metabolism. Silymarin, a hepatoprotective flavonolignan, was found to improve thyroid function and body metabolism. Additionally, garlic displays several protective effects on body organs. Therefore, this study explored the prophylactic impact of natural compounds comprising silymarin and garlic extract on disrupted thyroid function, hepatic iodothyronine deiodinase type 1, and metabolic parameters in atrazine-intoxicated male rats. We found that daily pre- and co-treatment of atrazine-intoxicated male rats with silymarin (100 mg/kg, p.o) and/or garlic extract (10 mg/kg, p.o) significantly improved thyroid activation and hepatic functionality as evidenced by the re-establishment of T3, T3/T4, and TSH values as well as ALT and AST activities. Interestingly, individual or concurrent supplementation of the atrazine group with silymarin and garlic extract prevented the down-regulation in hepatic iodothyronine deiodinase type 1. These effects were coupled with the repletion of serum and hepatic antioxidants and the amelioration of lipid peroxidation. In addition, current natural products markedly alleviated weight gain, dyslipidemia, hyperglycemia, glucose intolerance, and insulin resistance. Notably, a cocktail of silymarin and garlic extract exerted superior protection against atrazine-triggered deterioration of thyroid, hepatic, and metabolic functioning to individual treatments. Present findings pinpoint the prophylactic and synergistic influence of silymarin and garlic extract combinatorial regimen on thyroid activation and body metabolism via enhancing antioxidant potential, maintaining hepatic function, and iodothyronine deiodinase type 1.
莠去津是一种广泛应用的除草剂，用于提高作物产量和维持整体健康。据报道，它会损害实验动物的甲状腺功能和结构。甲状腺激素的改变会扰乱正常的身体功能和新陈代谢。水飞蓟素是一种具有保肝作用的类黄酮木脂素，已被发现能改善甲状腺功能和身体新陈代谢。此外，大蒜对身体器官有多种保护作用。因此，本研究探讨了包含水飞蓟素和大蒜提取物的天然化合物对莠去津中毒雄性大鼠甲状腺功能障碍、肝碘甲状腺原氨酸脱碘酶 1 和代谢参数的预防作用。我们发现，每日预先和同时用水飞蓟素（100mg/kg，口服）和/或大蒜提取物（10mg/kg，口服）处理莠去津中毒雄性大鼠，可显著改善甲状腺激活和肝功能，表现为 T3、T3/T4 和 TSH 值以及 ALT 和 AST 活性的恢复。有趣的是，单独或同时补充水飞蓟素和大蒜提取物可防止肝碘甲状腺原氨酸脱碘酶 1 的下调。这些作用伴随着血清和肝抗氧化剂的补充以及脂质过氧化的改善。此外，目前的天然产物显著减轻了体重增加、血脂异常、高血糖、葡萄糖耐量受损和胰岛素抵抗。值得注意的是，水飞蓟素和大蒜提取物的混合物对莠去津引起的甲状腺、肝脏和代谢功能恶化的保护作用优于单一治疗。目前的研究结果表明，水飞蓟素和大蒜提取物联合方案通过增强抗氧化能力、维持肝功能和碘甲状腺原氨酸脱碘酶 1 对甲状腺激活和身体代谢具有预防和协同作用。
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