Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, MN, United States of America; Center for Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Research, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, United States of America; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, United States of America.
Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, United States of America.
J Affect Disord. 2024 Jun 1;354:589-600. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.03.061. Epub 2024 Mar 12.
BACKGROUND: Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is an intervention for treatment-resistant depression (TRD) that modulates neural activity. Deep TMS (dTMS) can target not only cortical but also deeper limbic structures implicated in depression. Although TMS has demonstrated safety in adolescents, dTMS has yet to be applied to adolescent TRD. OBJECTIVE/HYPOTHESIS: This pilot study evaluated the safety, tolerability, and clinical effects of dTMS in adolescents with TRD. We hypothesized dTMS would be safe, tolerable, and efficacious for adolescent TRD. METHODS: 15 adolescents with TRD (Age, years: M = 16.4, SD = 1.42) completed a six-week daily dTMS protocol targeting the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (BrainsWay H1 coil, 30 sessions, 10 Hz, 3.6 s train duration, 20s inter-train interval, 55 trains; 1980 total pulses per session, 80 % to 120 % of motor threshold). Participants completed clinical, safety, and neurocognitive assessments before and after treatment. The primary outcome was depression symptom severity measured by the Children's Depression Rating Scale-Revised (CDRS-R). RESULTS: 14 out of 15 participants completed the dTMS treatments. One participant experienced a convulsive syncope; the other participants only experienced mild side effects (e.g., headaches). There were no serious adverse events and minimal to no change in cognitive performance. Depression symptom severity significantly improved pre- to post-treatment and decreased to a clinically significant degree after 10 treatment sessions. Six participants met criteria for treatment response. LIMITATIONS: Main limitations include a small sample size and open-label design. CONCLUSIONS: These findings provide preliminary evidence that dTMS may be tolerable and associated with clinical improvement in adolescent TRD.
背景:经颅磁刺激(TMS)是一种治疗抵抗性抑郁症(TRD)的干预手段,可以调节神经活动。深度 TMS(dTMS)不仅可以靶向皮质,还可以靶向与抑郁相关的更深层的边缘结构。尽管 TMS 在青少年中已被证明是安全的,但 dTMS 尚未应用于青少年 TRD。
目的/假设:本研究旨在评估 dTMS 在青少年 TRD 中的安全性、耐受性和临床疗效。我们假设 dTMS 对青少年 TRD 是安全、耐受和有效的。
方法:15 名 TRD 青少年(年龄,岁:M=16.4,SD=1.42)接受了为期六周的每日 dTMS 治疗方案,刺激左侧背外侧前额叶皮质(BrainsWay H1 线圈,30 次,10Hz,3.6s 刺激时长,20s 刺激间隔,55 个刺激序列;每次治疗 1980 个脉冲,刺激强度为 80%至 120%的运动阈值)。治疗前后,参与者完成了临床、安全性和神经认知评估。主要结局是使用儿童抑郁评定量表修订版(CDRS-R)评估的抑郁症状严重程度。
结果:15 名参与者中有 14 名完成了 dTMS 治疗。1 名参与者出现惊厥性晕厥;其他参与者仅出现轻度副作用(如头痛)。无严重不良事件,认知表现仅略有改变。治疗前至治疗后,抑郁症状严重程度显著改善,在 10 次治疗后降至临床显著程度。6 名参与者符合治疗反应标准。
局限性:主要局限性包括样本量小和开放性设计。
结论:这些发现提供了初步证据,表明 dTMS 可能耐受良好,并与青少年 TRD 的临床改善相关。
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