School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.
School of Psychological Sciences, University of Tasmania, Tasmania, Australia.
Mem Cognit. 2024 Jul;52(5):1182-1194. doi: 10.3758/s13421-024-01535-6. Epub 2024 Mar 15.
Many decision-making tasks are characterized by a combination of diagnostic and non-diagnostic information, yet models of responding and confidence almost exclusively focus on the contribution of diagnostic information (e.g., evidence associated with stimulus discriminability), largely ignoring the contribution of non-diagnostic information. An exception is Baranski and Petrusic's Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 24(3), 929-945, (1998) doubt-scaling model, which predicts a negative relationship between non-diagnostic information and confidence, and between non-diagnostic information and accuracy. In two perceptual-choice tasks, we tested the effects of manipulating non-diagnostic information on confidence, accuracy and response time (RT). In Experiment 1, participants viewed a dynamic grid consisting of flashing blue, orange and white pixels and indicated whether the stimulus was predominantly blue or orange (using a response scale ranging from low-confidence blue to high-confidence orange), with the white pixels constituting non-diagnostic information. Increasing non-diagnostic information reduced both confidence and accuracy, generally slowed RTs, and led to an increase in the speed of errors. Experiment 2 replicated these results for a decision-only task, providing further support for the doubt-scaling model of confidence.
许多决策任务的特点是诊断信息和非诊断信息的结合，但反应和信心的模型几乎完全专注于诊断信息的贡献（例如，与刺激可辨别性相关的证据），而在很大程度上忽略了非诊断信息的贡献。一个例外是 Baranski 和 Petrusic 的《实验心理学杂志：人类知觉与绩效》，24(3)，929-945，（1998 年）怀疑量表模型，该模型预测非诊断信息与信心之间以及非诊断信息与准确性之间存在负相关关系。在两项知觉选择任务中，我们测试了操纵非诊断信息对信心、准确性和反应时间 (RT) 的影响。在实验 1 中，参与者观看了一个由闪烁的蓝色、橙色和白色像素组成的动态网格，并表示刺激主要是蓝色还是橙色（使用从低置信度蓝色到高置信度橙色的响应范围），白色像素构成非诊断信息。增加非诊断信息会降低信心和准确性，通常会减慢 RT，并导致错误速度增加。实验 2 为仅决策任务复制了这些结果，进一步支持了信心的怀疑量表模型。
