Sun Kai, Cui Yutao, Sun Linglulu, Wei Bingli, Wang Yuan, Li Shunjin, Zhou Chengxiang, Wang Yixia, Zhang Wei
College of Resources and Environment, Interdisciplinary Research Center for Agriculture Green Development in Yangtze River Basin, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Institute of Innovation and Entrepreneurship Hanhong College, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.
Key Laboratory of Green and Low-carbon Agriculture in Southwest Mountain, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chongqing, China.
Front Plant Sci. 2024 Mar 5;15:1356861. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1356861. eCollection 2024.
In contemporary agriculture, the substitution of manure for chemical fertilizer based on phosphorus (P) input in vegetable production has led to a significant reduction in P fertilizer application rates, while, the effect of manure substitution rates on soil P transformation and uptake by root remain unclear.
This research conducts a pot experiment with varying manure substitution rates (0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 75% and 100%) based on P nutrient content to elucidate the mechanisms through which manure substitution affects P uptake in pepper.
The result showed that shoot and root biomass of pepper gradually increased as manure substitution rate from 10% to 40%, and then gradually decreased with further increases in the substitution rate. Soil alkaline phosphatase activity and arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) colonization gradually increased with manure substitution rates improvement. Specifically, when the substitution rate reached 30%-40%, the alkaline phosphatase activity increased by 24.5%-33.8% compared to the fertilizer treatment. In contrast, phytase activity and the relative expression of phosphate transporter protein genes in the root system was declined after peaking at 30% manure substitution. Additionally, soil available P remained moderate under 30%-40% substitution rate, which was reduced by 8.6%-10.2% compared to that in chemical fertilizer treatment, while microbial biomass P was comparable. In the current study, soil labile P similar to or even higher than that in chemical fertilizer treatment when the substitution rate was ≤40%. Correlation heatmaps demonstrated a significant and positive relationship between soil available P and factors related to labile P and moderately labile P.
This finding suggested that substituting 30%-40% of chemical P with manure can effectively enhance root length, AM colonization, soil enzyme activity, soil labile P, and consequently improve P uptake in pepper. These findings provide valuable insights for future organic agricultural practices that prioritize P supply, aiming to standardize organic P management in farmland and achieve high crop yields and maintain soil health.
在当代农业中，蔬菜生产中基于磷（P）投入用有机肥替代化肥已导致磷肥施用量显著减少，然而，有机肥替代率对土壤磷转化及根系吸收的影响仍不明确。
本研究基于磷养分含量进行了不同有机肥替代率（0%、10%、20%、30%、40%、50%、75%和100%）的盆栽试验，以阐明有机肥替代影响辣椒磷吸收的机制。
结果表明，随着有机肥替代率从10%提高到40%，辣椒地上部和根系生物量逐渐增加，随后随着替代率进一步提高而逐渐下降。土壤碱性磷酸酶活性和丛枝菌根（AM）定殖率随着有机肥替代率的提高而逐渐增加。具体而言，当替代率达到30%-40%时，与化肥处理相比，碱性磷酸酶活性提高了24.5%-33.8%。相反，植酸酶活性和根系中磷转运蛋白基因的相对表达在有机肥替代率达到30%时达到峰值后下降。此外，在30%-40%的替代率下，土壤有效磷保持适中，与化肥处理相比降低了8.6%-10.2%，而微生物生物量磷相当。在本研究中，当替代率≤40%时，土壤活性磷与化肥处理相当甚至更高。相关热图表明土壤有效磷与活性磷和中度活性磷相关因素之间存在显著正相关。
这一发现表明，用30%-40%的有机肥替代化学磷可有效增加根长、AM定殖率、土壤酶活性和土壤活性磷，从而提高辣椒对磷的吸收。这些发现为未来优先考虑磷供应的有机农业实践提供了有价值的见解，旨在规范农田有机磷管理，实现作物高产并维持土壤健康。
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