Rojo Gutiérrez María Isabel, Valentín Rostan Marylin, Latour Staffeld Patricia, Jares Edgardo José
Pediatra, Alergóloga e Inmunóloga; profesora de Alergia pediátrica, Facultad de Medicina; Presidenta electa de la Sociedad Latinoamericana de Alergia, Asma e Inmunología (SLAAI) Montevideo, Uruguay.
Alergóloga e Inmunóloga clínica, Máster en Ciencias y Educación; Miembro de la Mesa Directiva de SLAAI; miembro activo del Colegio Mexicano de Inmunología Clínica y Alergia; Directora de Alergología en la Unidad Médica Zúrich, Ciudad de
Rev Alerg Mex. 2023 Dec 31;70(4):300-305. doi: 10.29262/ram.v70i4.1341.
Anaphylaxis, a potentially life-threatening reaction, is characterized by acute symptoms affecting various systems and requires immediate medical intervention. While the overall mortality rate is low, anaphylaxis induced by foods and drugs has seen an increase. Common triggers include foods, drugs, and Hymenoptera venom. Epidemiology varies by region and age, with a global incidence of 50-112 episodes per 100,000 people annually. Implicated foods vary by age and region, with peanuts and nuts being common triggers. Two mechanisms of anaphylaxis are recognized: IgE-mediated and non-IgE-mediated. Diagnosis is based on clinical criteria and serum tryptase levels. Treatment includes epinephrine, oxygen, and intravenous fluids. Exercise-induced food-dependent anaphylaxis is addressed, where exercise, combined with certain foods, triggers anaphylactic reactions. Proper understanding and management are crucial to mitigate risks.
过敏反应是一种潜在的危及生命的反应,其特征是影响多个系统的急性症状,需要立即进行医疗干预。虽然总体死亡率较低,但食物和药物引起的过敏反应有所增加。常见的触发因素包括食物、药物和膜翅目毒液。流行病学因地区和年龄而异,全球每年每10万人中有50 - 112次发作。涉及的食物因年龄和地区而异,花生和坚果是常见的触发因素。过敏反应有两种公认的机制:IgE介导的和非IgE介导的。诊断基于临床标准和血清类胰蛋白酶水平。治疗包括肾上腺素、氧气和静脉输液。文中还讨论了运动诱发的食物依赖型过敏反应,即运动与某些食物相结合会引发过敏反应。正确的理解和管理对于降低风险至关重要。