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原发性 NTRK 重排梭形细胞胃肠肿瘤:8 例临床病理和分子分析。

Primary NTRK -rearranged Spindle Cell Neoplasm of the Gastrointestinal Tract: A Clinicopathological and Molecular Analysis of 8 Cases.

机构信息

Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center.

Department of Pathology, The First People's Hospital of Kunshan, Kunshan, Jiangsu, China.

出版信息

Am J Surg Pathol. 2024 May 1;48(5):623-631. doi: 10.1097/PAS.0000000000002202. Epub 2024 Mar 25.

Abstract

NTRK-rearranged spindle cell neoplasm occurs predominantly in the superficial or deep soft tissues of extremities or trunk. Occurrence in the visceral organs is extremely rare. Herein, we describe 8 cases of NTRK-rearranged spindle cell neoplasm that arose primarily in the gastrointestinal tract. Patients included 5 males and 3 females with age at presentation ranging from 6 to 63 years (median: 29.5 years). Tumors occurred in the colon (n=3), small intestine (n=2), rectum (n=2), and stomach (n=1). Tumor size ranged from 3.5 to 9 cm (median: 5 cm). Morphologically, 4 tumors were low-grade, composed of haphazard or intertwining fascicles of spindle cells, with prominent interstitial collagen fibers and ring-like perivascular hyalinization being present in 2 tumors. The other 4 tumors were histologically high-grade sarcomas, consisting of sweeping fascicles of atypical spindle cells showing increased cellularity and brisk mitotic activity. Immunohistochemically, 6/6 cases (100%) showed diffuse and strong cytoplasmic staining of pan-TRK. Variable expression of TrkA, CD34, and S100 was noted in 5/5 (100%), 5/8 (62.5%), and 4/7 (57.1%) cases, respectively. Fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis showed NTRK1 rearrangement (n=7) and NTRK2 rearrangement (n=1). In cases with available materials, RNA sequencing identified LMNA::NTRK1 (n=3), TPM3::NTRK1 (n=2), and STRN::NTRK2 (n=1) fusions. At follow-up (range: 4 to 30 months; median: 12.5 months), 6 of 7 patients who underwent surgery had no evidence of disease at last follow-up. One patient was succumbed to the disease at 12 months despite adjunctive treatment with TRK inhibitor larotrectinib after surgery. One patient was treated with larotrectinib alone. He showed significant response at 7 months after treatment. NTRK-rearranged spindle cell neoplasm represents an exceptionally rare entity in the gastrointestinal tract. The presence of interstitial collagen fibers and ring-like perivascular hyalinization and co-expression of CD34 and S100 are diagnostic clues to low-grade neoplasms. However, high-grade sarcomas pose a considerable diagnostic challenge to pathologists owing to the lack of specific features. The final diagnosis relies on molecular assays. Patients with advanced disease may benefit from TRK inhibitor treatment.

摘要

NTRK 重排梭形细胞肿瘤主要发生于四肢或躯干的表浅或深部软组织。内脏器官发生极为罕见。本文描述了 8 例主要发生于胃肠道的 NTRK 重排梭形细胞肿瘤。患者 5 男 3 女,发病年龄 6 至 63 岁,中位年龄 29.5 岁。肿瘤发生于结肠(n=3)、小肠(n=2)、直肠(n=2)和胃(n=1)。肿瘤大小 3.5 至 9cm,中位大小 5cm。4 例肿瘤为低级别,由杂乱或交织的梭形细胞束组成,2 例肿瘤间质可见明显的胶原纤维和环状血管周围玻璃样变。另 4 例肿瘤组织学为高级别肉瘤,由弥漫性、束状排列的非典型梭形细胞组成,细胞密度增加,有活跃的有丝分裂。免疫组化染色,6/6 例(100%)肿瘤细胞质弥漫、强阳性表达 pan-TRK。5/5 例(100%)、5/8 例(62.5%)和 4/7 例(57.1%)肿瘤分别不同程度表达 TrkA、CD34 和 S100。荧光原位杂交分析显示 NTRK1 重排(n=7)和 NTRK2 重排(n=1)。有可用材料的病例,RNA 测序显示 LMNA::NTRK1(n=3)、TPM3::NTRK1(n=2)和 STRN::NTRK2(n=1)融合。随访(4 至 30 个月,中位 12.5 个月),7 例手术患者中,6 例末次随访时无疾病证据。1 例患者尽管术后接受 TRK 抑制剂拉罗替尼辅助治疗,仍于 12 个月时死于疾病。1 例患者单独接受拉罗替尼治疗,治疗 7 个月后显示显著缓解。NTRK 重排梭形细胞肿瘤在胃肠道是极为罕见的实体肿瘤。间质胶原纤维和环状血管周围玻璃样变的存在以及 CD34 和 S100 的共表达是低级别肿瘤的诊断线索。然而,由于缺乏特异性特征,高级别肉瘤对病理医生构成了相当大的诊断挑战。最终诊断依赖于分子检测。晚期疾病患者可能从 TRK 抑制剂治疗中获益。

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