Kleine Anika, Kühle Matthias, Ly Thanh-Diep, Schmidt Vanessa, Faust-Hinse Isabel, Knabbe Cornelius, Fischer Bastian
Institut für Laboratoriums- und Transfusionsmedizin, Herz- und Diabeteszentrum Nordrhein-Westfalen, Universitätsklinik der Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Georgstraße 11, 32545 Bad Oeynhausen, Germany.
Biomedicines. 2024 Mar 4;12(3):572. doi: 10.3390/biomedicines12030572.
Desbuquois dysplasia type 2 (DBQD2) and spondylo-ocular syndrome (SOS) are autosomal recessive disorders affecting the extracellular matrix (ECM) and categorized as glycosaminoglycan (GAG) linkeropathies. Linkeropathies result from mutations within glycosyltransferases involved in the synthesis of the tetrasaccharide linker, a linker between the core protein of proteoglycan (PG) and GAG. DBQD2 and SOS are caused by the isolated mutations of the xylosyltransferase (XT) isoforms. In this work, we successfully generated - as well as -deficient GAG linkeropathy model systems in human dermal fibroblasts using a ribonucleoprotein-based CRISPR/Cas9-system. Furthermore, it was possible to generate a complete -knockdown. Short- and long-term XT activity deficiency led to the mutual reduction in all linker transferase-encoding genes, suggesting a potential multienzyme complex with mutual regulation. Fibroblasts compensated for ECM misregulation initially by overexpressing ECM through the TGFβ1 signaling pathway, akin to myofibroblast differentiation patterns. The long-term reduction in one XT isoform induced a stress response, reducing ECM components. The isolated -knockout exhibited α-smooth muscle actin overexpression, possibly partially compensated by unaltered XT-II activity. -knockout leads to the reduction in both XT isoforms and a strong stress response with indications of oxidative stress, induced senescence and apoptotic cells. In conclusion, introducing -deficiency revealed temporal and isoform-specific regulatory differences.
2型德斯布瓦发育不良(DBQD2)和脊柱-眼综合征(SOS)是影响细胞外基质(ECM)的常染色体隐性疾病,归类为糖胺聚糖(GAG)连接病。连接病是由参与四糖连接体合成的糖基转移酶突变引起的,四糖连接体是蛋白聚糖(PG)核心蛋白与GAG之间的连接体。DBQD2和SOS是由木糖基转移酶(XT)亚型的孤立突变引起的。在这项工作中,我们使用基于核糖核蛋白的CRISPR/Cas9系统,成功地在人皮肤成纤维细胞中生成了GAG连接病模型系统以及缺陷型。此外,还能够实现完全敲低。短期和长期的XT活性缺乏导致所有连接转移酶编码基因相互减少,表明存在潜在的相互调节的多酶复合物。成纤维细胞最初通过TGFβ1信号通路过度表达ECM来补偿ECM的失调,这类似于肌成纤维细胞的分化模式。一种XT亚型的长期减少会引发应激反应,减少ECM成分。孤立的敲除表现出α-平滑肌肌动蛋白过表达,可能部分由未改变的XT-II活性补偿。敲除导致两种XT亚型减少,并引发强烈的应激反应,伴有氧化应激、诱导衰老和凋亡细胞的迹象。总之,引入缺陷揭示了时间和亚型特异性的调节差异。
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