蛋白质-明矾相互作用及其对构象表位影响的分析洞察
Analytical Insights into Protein-Alum Interactions and Their Impact on Conformational Epitope.
作者信息
Corrado Alessio, Toppazzini Mila, Vadi Alessandro, Malzone Carmine, Galasso Rosy, Donati Alessandro, De Ricco Riccardo, Berti Francesco
机构信息
GSK, Vaccines Srl, via Fiorentina 1, 53100 Siena, Italy.
Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, via A. Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy.
出版信息
Pharmaceutics. 2024 Mar 19;16(3):420. doi: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16030420.
Several alum-adjuvanted vaccines have been licensed in the past 40 years. Despite its extensive and continuous use, the immune mechanism of action of alum adjuvants is not yet completely understood. Many different variables during the formulation process have been assessed as critical for alum-adjuvanted vaccines, although most of them are still not yet fully understood. The absence of a clear understanding of all the possible variables regulating the mechanism of action and the behavior that alum adjuvant imposes on the protein antigen may also be related to analytical challenges. For this reason, there is an urgent need for a fast and simple tool that is possible without a preliminary sample manipulation and is able to control the amount and the degree of antigen adsorption levels and their consistency across different production processes. This work attempts to develop new analytical tools with the aim of directly quantifying and assessing both the content and/or the purity of formulated alum-adsorbed antigens, without any preliminary sample manipulation (e.g., antigen desorption) being reported. In addition, the different confirmation/behavior in terms of the response to specific monoclonal antibodies in the presence of different ratios of alum-OH adsorbent antigens have been investigated. As a proxy to develop new analytical tools, three recombinant protein adsorbed models were used as follows: Neisseria adhesin A (NadA), Neisserial Heparin Binding Antigen (NHBA), and factor H binding protein (fHbp) as antigens, as well as aluminum hydroxide (AH) as an adjuvant system. The selection of the adjuvanted system model was dictated due to the substantial quantity of the literature regarding the protein structure and immunological activities, meaning that they are well characterized, including their adhesion rate to alum. In conclusion, three different analytical tools were explored to quantify, detect, and study the behavior of antigens in the presence of the alum adjuvant.
在过去40年里,几种铝佐剂疫苗已获许可。尽管铝佐剂被广泛且持续使用,但其免疫作用机制尚未完全明确。虽然在配方过程中的许多不同变量已被评估为对铝佐剂疫苗至关重要,但其中大多数仍未被完全理解。对调节作用机制的所有可能变量以及铝佐剂对蛋白质抗原施加的行为缺乏清晰认识,这也可能与分析挑战有关。因此,迫切需要一种快速简便的工具,无需进行初步样品处理,并且能够控制抗原吸附水平的量和程度及其在不同生产过程中的一致性。这项工作试图开发新的分析工具,旨在直接定量和评估配方铝吸附抗原的含量和/或纯度,而无需报告任何初步样品处理(例如抗原解吸)。此外,还研究了在不同比例的氢氧化铝吸附抗原存在下,对特定单克隆抗体反应方面的不同确认/行为。作为开发新分析工具的替代方法,使用了三种重组蛋白吸附模型,如下所示:将奈瑟菌粘附素A(NadA)、奈瑟菌肝素结合抗原(NHBA)和因子H结合蛋白(fHbp)作为抗原,以及氢氧化铝(AH)作为佐剂系统。选择佐剂系统模型是因为有大量关于蛋白质结构和免疫活性的文献,这意味着它们特征明确,包括它们与铝的粘附率。总之,探索了三种不同的分析工具来定量、检测和研究铝佐剂存在下抗原的行为。
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