Staker Jacob, Schott Sydney, Singh Riya, Collier Kourtney, Druschel Gregory, Siegel Amanda P, Tovar Andres
Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
Polymers (Basel). 2024 Mar 9;16(6):751. doi: 10.3390/polym16060751.
Bio-based plastics made of food-safe compostable materials, such as thermoplastic starch (TPS), can be designed into films that have potential to replace many non-biodegradable single-use plastic (SUP) items. TPS film characteristics, such as elongation at break and tensile strength, are largely affected by the choice of the plasticizers used in formulation. Our work identifies the mechanical properties and the chemical structural differences between TPS films made with two different plasticizer mixtures that have not yet been compared alongside one another: deep eutectic solvent choline chloride/urea (1:2) (CC:U) and glycerol with an acetic acid catalyst (AA:G). Potato-based TPS samples were formed by mixing each plasticizer with a consistent amount of potato starch and distilled water with heat. After gelation formation, the viscous TPS mixture was centrifuged to degas and extruded. Films were dried at controlled room temperature. Characterization included the tensile testing of coupons according to ASTM (American Society of Testing and Materials) standard D638, attenuated total reflectance Fourier-transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), melting point (MP), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The AA:G films displayed significantly higher tensile strength (M = 2.04 ± 1.24 MPa) than the CC:U films (M = 0.18 ± 0.08 MPa); however, the CC:U films had higher elongation at break (M = 47.2 ± 3.6%) than the AA:G films (M = 31.1 ± 12.6%). This can be explained by the difference in functional groups, composition, and the degree of crystallinity evidenced by the FTIR, XRD, MP, and SEM results. Our findings suggest that potato-based TPS films with an AA:G plasticizer mixture hold promise for SUP applications that require more strength, while CC:U films may be more suited for wraps and bags that require flexibility. These innovations can aid to mitigate the environmental impact of harmful plastic waste.
由食品级可堆肥材料制成的生物基塑料，如热塑性淀粉（TPS），可以被设计成薄膜，有潜力取代许多不可生物降解的一次性塑料（SUP）物品。TPS薄膜的特性，如断裂伸长率和拉伸强度，在很大程度上受配方中所用增塑剂选择的影响。我们的工作确定了用两种尚未相互比较的不同增塑剂混合物制成的TPS薄膜之间的机械性能和化学结构差异：低共熔溶剂氯化胆碱/尿素（1:2）（CC:U）和添加醋酸催化剂的甘油（AA:G）。基于马铃薯的TPS样品是通过将每种增塑剂与一定量的马铃薯淀粉和蒸馏水加热混合而成的。形成凝胶后，将粘性的TPS混合物离心脱气并挤出。薄膜在可控室温下干燥。表征包括根据美国材料与试验协会（ASTM）标准D638对试样进行拉伸测试、衰减全反射傅里叶变换红外（ATR-FTIR）光谱分析、X射线衍射（XRD）、熔点（MP）和扫描电子显微镜（SEM）分析。AA:G薄膜的拉伸强度（M = 2.04 ± 1.24兆帕）显著高于CC:U薄膜（M = 0.18 ± 0.08兆帕）；然而，CC:U薄膜的断裂伸长率（M = 47.2 ± 3.6%）高于AA:G薄膜（M = 31.1 ± 12.6%）。这可以通过FTIR、XRD、MP和SEM结果所证明的官能团、组成和结晶度的差异来解释。我们的研究结果表明，含有AA:G增塑剂混合物的基于马铃薯的TPS薄膜有望用于需要更高强度的SUP应用，而CC:U薄膜可能更适合用于需要柔韧性的包装纸和袋子。这些创新有助于减轻有害塑料垃圾对环境的影响。
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