Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 W. Markham Street, Mail Slot 611, Little Rock, AR 72205, United States of America.
Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 W. Markham Street, Mail Slot 611, Little Rock, AR 72205, United States of America.
Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 2024 Jun;239:173756. doi: 10.1016/j.pbb.2024.173756. Epub 2024 Mar 28.
Prenatal opioid exposure (POE) and postnatal adverse experiences are early life adversities (ELA) that often co-occur and increase problematic alcohol (EtOH) drinking during adolescence. We investigated the relationship between POE, postnatal adversity, and adolescent EtOH drinking in rats. We also sought to determine whether ELAs affect alpha-adrenoceptor density in the brain because the noradrenergic system is involved in problematic alcohol drinking and its treatment. We hypothesized that the combination of POE and postnatal adversity will increase alcohol drinking in rats compared to rats with exposure to either adversity alone or to control. We also predicted that POE and postnatal adversity would increase α-adrenoceptor density and decrease α-adrenoceptor density in brain to confer a stress-responsive phenotype. Pregnant rats received morphine (15 mg/kg/day) or saline via subcutaneous minipumps from gestational day 9 until birth. Limited bedding and nesting (LBN) procedures were introduced from postnatal day (PD) 3-11 to mimic early life adversity-scarcity. Offspring rats (PD 31-33) were given opportunities to drink EtOH (20 %, v/v) using intermittent-access, two-bottle choice (with water) procedures. Rats given access to EtOH were assigned into sub-groups that were injected with either yohimbine (1 mg/kg, ip) or vehicle (2 % DMSO, ip) 30 min prior to each EtOH access session to determine the effects of α-adrenoceptor inhibition on alcohol drinking. We harvested cortices, brainstems, and hypothalami from EtOH-naïve littermates on either PD 30 or PD 70 and conducted radioligand receptor binding assays to quantify α- and α-adrenoceptor densities. Contrary to our hypothesis, only LBN alone increased EtOH intake in female adolescent rats compared to female rats with POE. Neither POE nor LBN affected α- or α-adrenoceptor densities in the cortex, brainstem, or hypothalamus of early- or late-aged adolescent rats. These results suggest a complex interaction between ELA type and sex on alcohol drinking.
产前阿片类物质暴露 (POE) 和产后逆境是早期生活逆境 (ELA),它们经常同时发生,并增加青少年期的问题性酒精 (EtOH) 摄入。我们研究了 POE、产后逆境与大鼠青少年期 EtOH 摄入之间的关系。我们还试图确定 ELA 是否会影响大脑中的α-肾上腺素能受体密度,因为去甲肾上腺素能系统参与了问题性饮酒及其治疗。我们假设,与单独暴露于逆境或对照相比,POE 和产后逆境的结合将增加大鼠的饮酒量。我们还预测,POE 和产后逆境将增加α-肾上腺素能受体密度并减少大脑中的α-肾上腺素能受体密度,从而产生应激反应表型。怀孕的大鼠从妊娠第 9 天到分娩通过皮下微量泵接受吗啡 (15mg/kg/天) 或生理盐水。从产后第 3-11 天引入有限的床上用品和巢穴 (LBN) 程序,以模拟早期生活逆境——匮乏。出生后的大鼠 (PD31-33) 通过间歇性访问、双瓶选择 (带水) 程序获得饮用 EtOH (20%,v/v) 的机会。给予 EtOH 访问权限的大鼠被分为亚组,在每次 EtOH 访问之前 30 分钟注射育亨宾 (1mg/kg,ip) 或载体 (2% DMSO,ip),以确定α-肾上腺素能受体抑制对饮酒的影响。我们从 EtOH -naive 同窝仔鼠中收获皮质、脑干和下丘脑,并进行放射性配体受体结合测定,以量化α-和α-肾上腺素能受体密度。与我们的假设相反,只有 LBN 单独增加了雌性青少年大鼠的 EtOH 摄入量,而不是 POE 雌性大鼠。POE 或 LBN 均未影响早期或晚期青少年大鼠皮质、脑干或下丘脑的α-或α-肾上腺素能受体密度。这些结果表明,ELA 类型和性别对饮酒行为的相互作用非常复杂。