Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 50, Ozzano Emilia (BO) 40006, Italy.
Department of Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, av. Puerta de Hierro s/n, Madrid 28040, Spain; Complutense University of Madrid, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, av. Puerta de Hierro s/n, Madrid 28040, Spain.
Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis. 2024 May;108:102169. doi: 10.1016/j.cimid.2024.102169. Epub 2024 Apr 2.
The role of small animal veterinary hospitals in the onset and dissemination of antimicrobial-resistant organisms (AMROs) is still not clear, and the implementation of an internal surveillance systems is a cost-effective tool to better understand their impact. The aim of this study was to describe a pilot program of active surveillance in a Spanish Veterinary Teaching Hospital, developed to estimate the detection frequency of AMROs in the commensal flora of patients and in the environment. Surveillance was focused on Methicillin-resistant Staphylococci (MRS), third generation cephalosporins resistant gram-negative bacteria (3GCR-GNB), and carbapenems-resistant gram-negative bacteria (CR-GNB). Oral and perirectal swabs were collected in the same dogs and cats hospitalized > 48 h, at their admission and before their discharge. Out of 50 patients sampled, 24% (12/50) were carriers at admission of at least one of the three investigated AMROs. Twenty-eight percent of patients (14/50) acquired at least one AMRO during the hospital stay. MRS detection frequency at admission was 12% (6/50), while acquisition was 6% (3/50). 3GCR-GNB detection frequency was 14% at admission (7/50) and acquisition 22% (11/50), while CR-GNB detection frequency was 2% at admission (1/50) and acquisition 2% (1/50). Environmental surveillance (98 samples) showed a total detection frequency of 22.4% for MRS (22/98), 2% for 3GCR-GNB and CR-GNB (2/98). Clinical staff' shoe soles showed high detection frequency for MRS (50%). 3GCR Escherichia coli was the most isolated species in patients (n = 17). The results show how active surveillance can be used as a tool to assess the impact of AMROs in veterinary hospitals to subsequently build up tailored control plans based on specific issues.
小动物兽医院在抗微生物药物耐药生物体（AMRO）的出现和传播中的作用尚不清楚，实施内部监测系统是一种具有成本效益的工具，可以更好地了解其影响。本研究的目的是描述西班牙兽医教学医院主动监测的试点计划，该计划旨在估计 AMRO 在住院患者和环境中的共生菌群中的检测频率。监测重点是耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌（MRS）、第三代头孢菌素耐药革兰氏阴性菌（3GCR-GNB）和碳青霉烯类耐药革兰氏阴性菌（CR-GNB）。在住院时间超过 48 小时的同一犬猫患者中采集口腔和直肠拭子，在入院时和出院前采集。在 50 名采样患者中，24%（12/50）在入院时至少携带三种调查 AMRO 中的一种。28%的患者（14/50）在住院期间获得了至少一种 AMRO。入院时 MRS 的检出率为 12%（6/50），而获得率为 6%（3/50）。入院时 3GCR-GNB 的检出率为 14%（7/50），获得率为 22%（11/50），而 CR-GNB 的检出率为 2%（1/50），获得率为 2%（1/50）。环境监测（98 个样本）显示 MRS 的总检出率为 22.4%（22/98），3GCR-GNB 和 CR-GNB 的检出率分别为 2%（2/98）。临床工作人员鞋底的 MRS 检出率很高（50%）。患者中分离出的 3GCR 大肠杆菌最多（n=17）。结果表明，主动监测如何可作为一种工具，用于评估兽医医院中 AMRO 的影响，随后根据具体问题制定有针对性的控制计划。
