Department of Sport and Exercise Science, University of Salzburg, AUSTRIA.
Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2024 Aug 1;56(8):1408-1421. doi: 10.1249/MSS.0000000000003435. Epub 2024 Apr 6.
This study aimed to investigate the effects of a 7-d high-intensity interval training shock microcycle (HIIT-SM) with or without additional low-intensity training (LIT) on aerobic fitness and endurance performance compared with a control group (CG).
Thirty-three endurance-trained athletes (7 women, 26 men, mean ± SD: age, 30.2 ± 6.9 yr; maximal oxygen uptake (V̇O 2max ), 59.8 ± 4.9 mL·min -1 ·kg -1 ) performed exercise testing at T1 and were randomly assigned to one of three groups: i) HSM, 10 running-based HIIT sessions (5 × 4 min at 90%-95% maximal heart rate) over 7 d; ii) HSM + LIT, equal to HSM with additional 30 min of LIT after each HIIT; iii) CG, regular training. Exercise testing was repeated 3 d (T2), 7 d (T3), and 14 d (T4) after the intervention. A 5-km time trial (TT 5km ) was performed 3-4 d before T1 and 10-11 d after the intervention. Data were analyzed by two-way repeated-measures ANOVA.
No interaction effect was found for V̇O 2max ( P = 0.170, pη2 = 0.09), peak power output ( P = 0.734, pη2 = 0.04), and work economy ( P = 0.804, pη2 = 0.03). There was an interaction for velocity at lactate threshold ( P = 0.006, pη2 = 0.18) with increased velocity in HSM at T2 (3.2%, P = 0.030), T3 (4%, P = 0.006), T4 (4%, P = 0.003), as well as in HSM + LIT for T2 (3.2%, P = 0.011), whereas CG showed no change. There was an interaction for TT 5km ( P = 0.044, pη2 = 0.19), with HSM improving 2.7% ( P = 0.003) and HSM + LIT 2.3% ( P = 0.010), whereas CG was, on average, -0.3% ( P = 0.821) slower.
HIIT-SM with or without additional LIT has negligible effects on V̇O 2max but improves other key endurance variables in endurance-trained athletes. No superiority of either intervention group was demonstrated. Therefore, additional LIT during HIIT-SM is not beneficial.
本研究旨在探讨 7 天高强度间歇训练冲击微周期（HIIT-SM）与或不与低强度训练（LIT）相结合对有氧健身和耐力表现的影响，与对照组（CG）进行比较。
33 名耐力训练运动员（7 名女性，26 名男性，平均±标准差：年龄 30.2±6.9 岁；最大摄氧量（V̇O2max）59.8±4.9 mL·min-1·kg-1）在 T1 进行运动测试，并随机分配到以下三组之一：i）HSM，10 次基于跑步的 HIIT 课程（5×4 分钟，90%-95%最大心率），在 7 天内进行；ii）HSM+LIT，与 HSM 相同，但在每次 HIIT 后额外进行 30 分钟的 LIT；iii）CG，常规训练。干预后 3 天（T2）、7 天（T3）和 14 天（T4）重复运动测试。在 T1 前 3-4 天和干预后 10-11 天进行 5 公里计时赛（TT 5km）。数据采用双因素重复测量方差分析进行分析。
V̇O2max（P=0.170，pη2=0.09）、最大功率输出（P=0.734，pη2=0.04）和工作经济性（P=0.804，pη2=0.03）均未发现交互作用效应。乳酸阈速度（P=0.006，pη2=0.18）存在交互作用，HSM 在 T2（3.2%，P=0.030）、T3（4%，P=0.006）和 T4（4%，P=0.003）时的速度增加，以及 HSM+LIT 在 T2（3.2%，P=0.011）时也有所增加，而 CG 则没有变化。TT 5km（P=0.044，pη2=0.19）存在交互作用，HSM 提高了 2.7%（P=0.003），HSM+LIT 提高了 2.3%（P=0.010），而 CG 平均降低了 0.3%（P=0.821）。
HIIT-SM 与或不与额外的 LIT 结合对 V̇O2max 的影响可以忽略不计，但可以提高耐力训练运动员的其他关键耐力变量。没有显示出任何干预组的优势。因此，HIIT-SM 期间额外的 LIT 没有益处。
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