Hocevar R A
Am J Orthod. 1985 Jul;88(1):31-46. doi: 10.1016/0002-9416(85)90105-8.
This article presents an appliance system designed to facilitate efficient treatment by the use of the biomechanical approach considered most suitable by the orthodontist for the individual patient. The system described uses narrow, single brackets with 0.022 X 0.028 inch edgewise arch wire slots and 0.020 X 0.020 inch vertical slots for various auxiliaries. There are five brackets that differ only in the torque of the arch wire slot-0 degree, 5 degrees, 10 degrees, 15 degrees, and 20 degrees. Thus, an appropriate bracket can be selected for any tooth in any situation. The brackets and bonding pads are small in all dimensions to ensure optimal appearance and interbracket arch wire spans and minimal lip and cheek irritation. This also lessens occlusal interference, enamel surface involved in bonding, and problems with gingival proximity and oral hygiene. The basic buccal tubes are conventional 4.5 mm long, 0.022 X 0.028 inch torqued edgewise tubes. A buccal tube assembly with a similar additional rectangular tube carried diagonally at a 15 degree angle across the buccal surface of the basic tube (its mesial end pointing gingivally) is used in extraction cases with deep overbites or moderate-to-severe anchorage requirements. The angulated outer tube carries the main (working) arch wire during the bite-opening and retraction phases of treatment. A rectangular sectional wire in the inner tube and second premolar bracket locks the molar and premolar teeth together so that neither can tip independently. As a unit they provide anchorage for bite opening and retraction. The gingivally positioned and angulated outer tube directs the arch wire out of danger of distortion from mastication and provides a built-in biteopening effect. The molar and premolar teeth, in effect, become a single large tooth with its center of resistance (CR) further mesial than the CR of the molar. Sectional wires result in a more favorable system of moments created by arch wires and elastics. This delivers more intrusive force to the incisors with less tendency to tip the anchor units. The appliance provides the orthodontist with an extensive range of options in treatment mechanics--from anchorage conservation and rapid movement of limited tipping by light forces to translation or stabilization with precise three-dimensional control.
本文介绍了一种矫治器系统，该系统旨在通过使用正畸医生认为最适合个体患者的生物力学方法来促进高效治疗。所描述的系统使用窄的单托槽，其带有0.022×0.028英寸的方丝弓托槽槽沟以及用于各种辅助装置的0.020×0.020英寸的垂直槽沟。有五种托槽，它们仅在托槽槽沟的转矩方面有所不同——0度、5度、10度、15度和20度。因此，在任何情况下都可以为任何牙齿选择合适的托槽。托槽和粘结翼片在所有尺寸上都很小，以确保最佳外观、托槽间弓丝跨度，并使唇部和颊部的刺激最小化。这也减少了咬合干扰、粘结涉及的釉质表面以及牙龈接近度和口腔卫生方面的问题。基本的颊面管是传统的4.5毫米长、0.022×0.028英寸带转矩的方丝弓管。在深覆合或中重度支抗需求的拔牙病例中，使用一种颊面管组件，该组件带有一个类似的附加矩形管，以15度角斜向穿过基本管的颊面（其近中端指向牙龈方向）。在治疗的打开咬合和内收阶段，成角的外管承载主（工作）弓丝。内管和第二前磨牙托槽中的矩形截面弓丝将磨牙和前磨牙锁定在一起，使它们都不能独立倾斜。作为一个整体，它们为打开咬合和内收提供支抗。牙龈定位且成角的外管将弓丝引导至免受咀嚼变形的危险，并提供内置的打开咬合效果。实际上，磨牙和前磨牙变成了一颗大牙，其阻力中心（CR）比磨牙的CR更靠近近中。分段弓丝导致由弓丝和弹力牵引产生的力矩系统更有利。这能向切牙传递更大的压低力，同时使支抗单位倾斜的倾向更小。该矫治器为正畸医生在治疗力学方面提供了广泛的选择——从保存支抗、通过轻力进行有限倾斜的快速移动到精确三维控制下的平移或稳定。
