Center for Brain Immunology and Glia (BIG), Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA.
Trends Immunol. 2024 May;45(5):338-345. doi: 10.1016/j.it.2024.03.010. Epub 2024 Apr 13.
After decades of being overlooked, a recent wave of studies have explored the roles of microglia in brain health and disease. Microglia perform important physiological functions to set up and maintain proper neural network functions, as well as orchestrate responses to toxic stimuli to limit harm. Many microglial transcriptional programs, extracellular sensing molecules, and functional outputs are seen throughout life. A stark example is the similarity of microglial responses to stressors during neurodevelopment and neurodegeneration. The same themes often match that of other tissue-resident macrophages, presenting an opportunity to apply known concepts as therapeutics develop. We argue that microglial signaling during development and neurologic disease overlap with one another and with other tissue-resident macrophage pathways, in part due to similar sensed stimuli and a conserved sensome of receptors and signaling molecules, akin to a toolkit.
经过几十年的忽视，最近一波研究探索了小胶质细胞在大脑健康和疾病中的作用。小胶质细胞发挥着重要的生理功能，以建立和维持适当的神经网络功能，并协调对毒性刺激的反应，以限制伤害。在整个生命过程中，人们都能看到许多小胶质细胞的转录程序、细胞外感应分子和功能输出。一个明显的例子是小胶质细胞对神经发育和神经退行性变期间应激源的反应相似。同样的主题通常与其他组织驻留巨噬细胞的主题相匹配，为治疗方法的发展提供了应用已知概念的机会。我们认为，发育过程中小胶质细胞的信号与神经疾病中的信号相互重叠，并且与其他组织驻留巨噬细胞途径重叠，部分原因是相似的感应刺激以及受感体和信号分子的保守感体，类似于一个工具包。
