Bishara S E, Hession T J, Peterson L C
Am J Orthod. 1985 Sep;88(3):209-23. doi: 10.1016/s0002-9416(85)90216-7.
The purpose of this study is to describe the changes in six soft-tissue parameters that are commonly used by orthodontists in their diagnosis and treatment planning as well as in the evaluation of profile changes that occur with growth and orthodontic treatment. The parameters evaluated were two angles of facial convexity, the Holdaway soft-tissue angle, Merrifield's Z angle, and Rickett's esthetic line and lip relationships. The subjects of this study consisted of 20 males and 15 females for whom lateral cephalograms taken between the ages of 5 and 25 years were available. Descriptive statistics for the absolute and incremental changes are presented on a yearly basis between the ages of 5 and 17 years and at adulthood. Growth profile curves were constructed for each parameter, and regression equations were developed to describe the age-related changes in the six parameters for both males and females. The present findings indicated that the male and female growth profile curves were significantly different, except for the angle of facial convexity (excluding the nose) and Merrifield's Z angle. One of the conclusions that can be derived from this investigation is that the two angles of soft-tissue facial convexity, the Holdaway soft-tissue angle, and Merrifield's Z angle do not behave in a similar manner with age. Therefore, the clinician needs to use a number of soft-tissue parameters to better evaluate the soft-tissue profile. A limited number of cephalometric standards have been identified for each parameter. These standards can be used by the orthodontist as representative of the change between the age of 5 years and adulthood. This should enable the orthodontist to treat the patient to soft-tissue norms that are age- and sex-specific, rather than to an adult standard.
本研究的目的是描述正畸医生在诊断、治疗计划以及评估生长和正畸治疗引起的面部变化时常用的六个软组织参数的变化情况。评估的参数包括两个面部凸度角、霍尔德韦软组织角、梅里菲尔德Z角、里克特审美线及唇部关系。本研究的对象包括20名男性和15名女性，他们均有5至25岁之间拍摄的头颅侧位片。给出了5至17岁以及成年期每年绝对变化量和增量变化量的描述性统计数据。为每个参数构建了生长曲线，并建立了回归方程以描述男性和女性六个参数随年龄的变化情况。目前的研究结果表明，除面部凸度角（不包括鼻子）和梅里菲尔德Z角外，男性和女性的生长曲线存在显著差异。从这项研究中可以得出的一个结论是，两个软组织面部凸度角、霍尔德韦软组织角和梅里菲尔德Z角随年龄的变化方式并不相似。因此，临床医生需要使用多个软组织参数来更好地评估软组织侧貌。已为每个参数确定了有限数量的头影测量标准。正畸医生可以将这些标准用作5岁至成年期变化的代表。这应能使正畸医生将患者治疗至符合特定年龄和性别的软组织标准，而非成人标准。
