Structural response and mechanical properties of the hind wing of the beetle Protaetia brevitarsis.

The folding/unfolding mechanism and collision recovery effect of the beetle's hind wings can provide biomimetic inspiration for the optimization of wing deplorability and the investigation of collision prevention recovery mechanism of new amphibious morphing vehicle. In this study, a method is described to investigate the structural response and mechanical properties of the hind wings of the beetle Protetia brevitarsis under natural conditions. The specially processed test samples were conducted to tensile testing, which facilitates the evaluation of the mechanical properties of specific areas of the hind wing. The micro geometric morphological characteristics of the cross-section of the specimen after tensile fracture were observed by scanning electron microscopy. The three-dimensional morphology of the ventral and dorsal sides of the hind wing was characterized using three-dimensional scanning and reverse modeling methods. The finite element model of the hind wing is developed to investigate the structural deformation and modal response characteristics of its flapping. The uniformly distributed load on the hind wing surface is derived from the lift characteristics obtained from the computational fluid dynamics simulation of flapping wing motion. RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS: Scanning electron microscope is used to observe the cross-sectional characteristics of the veins and membranes. The material properties of the wing membranes and veins of the hind wings were measured using the tensile testing system. The three-dimensional morphology of the hind wing was characterized using 3D scanning and reverse modeling methods. The finite element model of the hind wing is developed to investigate the structural deformation and modal response characteristics of its flapping.