Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States.
Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States.
Environ Sci Technol. 2024 May 7;58(18):7958-7967. doi: 10.1021/acs.est.3c10841. Epub 2024 Apr 24.
Because humans spend about one-third of their time asleep in their bedrooms and are themselves emission sources of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), it is important to specifically characterize the composition of the bedroom air that they experience during sleep. This work uses real-time indoor and outdoor measurements of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) to examine concentration enhancements in bedroom air during sleep and to calculate VOC emission rates associated with sleeping occupants. Gaseous VOCs were measured with proton-transfer reaction time-of-flight mass spectrometry during a multiweek residential monitoring campaign under normal occupancy conditions. Results indicate high emissions of nearly 100 VOCs and other species in the bedroom during sleeping periods as compared to the levels in other rooms of the same residence. Air change rates for the bedroom and, correspondingly, emission rates of sleeping-associated VOCs were determined for two bounding conditions: (1) air exchange between the bedroom and outdoors only and (2) air exchange between the bedroom and other indoor spaces only (as represented by measurements in the kitchen). VOCs from skin oil oxidation and personal care products were present, revealing that many emission pathways can be important occupant-associated emission factors affecting bedroom air composition in addition to direct emissions from building materials and furnishings.
由于人类大约有三分之一的时间在卧室中睡觉，并且人类自身也是挥发性有机化合物（VOC）的排放源，因此专门描述他们在睡眠期间所经历的卧室空气组成非常重要。这项工作使用实时的室内和室外挥发性有机化合物（VOC）测量来研究睡眠期间卧室空气中的浓度增加，并计算与睡眠者相关的 VOC 排放率。在正常居住条件下进行的多周住宅监测活动中，使用质子转移反应飞行时间质谱法测量了气态 VOC。结果表明，与同一住宅其他房间的水平相比，睡眠期间卧室中几乎有 100 种 VOC 和其他物质的排放水平很高。确定了卧室的空气更换率，相应地，与睡眠相关的 VOC 的排放率也确定了两种边界条件：（1）仅在卧室和室外之间进行空气交换；（2）仅在卧室和其他室内空间（如厨房测量值所示）之间进行空气交换。存在来自皮肤油氧化和个人护理产品的 VOC，这表明许多排放途径可能是除建筑材料和家具的直接排放外，对影响卧室空气组成的重要的与居住者相关的排放因素。
