期望对脸部感知的影响及其与专业技能的关联。
Effects of expectation on face perception and its association with expertise.
作者信息
Mares Inês, Smith Fraser W, Goddard E J, Keighery Lianne, Pappasava Michael, Ewing Louise, Smith Marie L
机构信息
School of Psychological Sciences, Birkbeck College, University of London, London, UK.
William James Center for Research, Ispa - Instituto Universitário, Lisbon, Portugal.
出版信息
Sci Rep. 2024 Apr 24;14(1):9402. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-59284-0.
Perceptual decisions are derived from the combination of priors and sensorial input. While priors are broadly understood to reflect experience/expertise developed over one's lifetime, the role of perceptual expertise at the individual level has seldom been directly explored. Here, we manipulate probabilistic information associated with a high and low expertise category (faces and cars respectively), while assessing individual level of expertise with each category. 67 participants learned the probabilistic association between a color cue and each target category (face/car) in a behavioural categorization task. Neural activity (EEG) was then recorded in a similar paradigm in the same participants featuring the previously learned contingencies without the explicit task. Behaviourally, perception of the higher expertise category (faces) was modulated by expectation. Specifically, we observed facilitatory and interference effects when targets were correctly or incorrectly expected, which were also associated with independently measured individual levels of face expertise. Multivariate pattern analysis of the EEG signal revealed clear effects of expectation from 100 ms post stimulus, with significant decoding of the neural response to expected vs. not stimuli, when viewing identical images. Latency of peak decoding when participants saw faces was directly associated with individual level facilitation effects in the behavioural task. The current results not only provide time sensitive evidence of expectation effects on early perception but highlight the role of higher-level expertise on forming priors.
知觉决策源自先验信息和感官输入的结合。虽然人们普遍认为先验信息反映了一生积累的经验/专业知识,但个体层面的知觉专业知识的作用很少被直接探究。在这里,我们操纵与高专业知识类别和低专业知识类别(分别为面孔和汽车)相关的概率信息,同时评估个体在每个类别上的专业知识水平。67名参与者在一项行为分类任务中学习颜色线索与每个目标类别(面孔/汽车)之间的概率关联。然后,在相同参与者身上,以类似范式记录神经活动(脑电图),该范式呈现先前学习的意外情况但没有明确任务。在行为上,对高专业知识类别的感知(面孔)受期望调节。具体来说,当目标被正确或错误预期时,我们观察到促进和干扰效应,这也与独立测量的个体面孔专业知识水平相关。脑电图信号的多变量模式分析显示,从刺激后100毫秒开始就有明显的期望效应,当观看相同图像时,对预期刺激与非预期刺激的神经反应有显著解码。参与者看到面孔时峰值解码的潜伏期与行为任务中的个体水平促进效应直接相关。当前结果不仅提供了期望效应在早期感知上的时间敏感证据,还突出了高级专业知识在形成先验信息中的作用。