BACKGROUND

More is to be explored between dietary patterns and sleep quality in the Chinese adult population.

METHODS

A cross-sectional study including 7987 Shanghai suburban adults aged 20-74 years was conducted. Dietary information was obtained using a validated food frequency questionnaire. Adherence to a priori dietary patterns, such as the Chinese Healthy Eating Index (CHEI), Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet and Mediterranean diet (MD), was assessed. Sleep quality was assessed from self-reported responses to the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) questionnaire. Logistic regression models adjusting for confounders were employed to examine the associations.

RESULTS

The overall prevalence of poor sleep (PSQI score ≥ 5) was 28.46%. Factor analysis demonstrated four a posteriori dietary patterns. Participants with a higher CHEI (OR: 0.81, 95% CI: 0.70-0.95), DASH (OR: 0.70, 95% CI: 0.60-0.82) or MD (OR: 0.75, 95% CI: 0.64-0.87) had a lower poor sleep prevalence, while participants with a higher "Beverages" score had a higher poor sleep prevalence (OR: 1.18, 95% CI: 1.02-1.27).

CONCLUSIONS

In Shanghai suburban adults, healthier dietary patterns and lower consumption of beverages were associated with better sleep quality.