Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Major Neurological Diseases, National Key Clinical Department and Key Discipline of Neurology, No.58 Zhongshan Road 2, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
Mol Neurobiol. 2024 Nov;61(11):9680-9693. doi: 10.1007/s12035-024-04208-2. Epub 2024 Apr 30.
Vestibular compensation is a physiological response of the vestibular organs within the inner ear. This adaptation manifests during consistent exposure to acceleration or deceleration, with the vestibular organs incrementally adjusting to such changes. The molecular underpinnings of vestibular compensation remain to be fully elucidated, yet emerging studies implicate associations with neuroplasticity and signal transduction pathways. Throughout the compensation process, the vestibular sensory neurons maintain signal transmission to the central equilibrium system, facilitating adaptability through alterations in synaptic transmission and neuronal excitability. Notable molecular candidates implicated in this process include variations in ion channels and neurotransmitter profiles, as well as neuronal and synaptic plasticity, metabolic processes, and electrophysiological modifications. This study consolidates the current understanding of the molecular events in vestibular compensation, augments the existing research landscape, and evaluates contemporary therapeutic strategies. Furthermore, this review posits potential avenues for future research that could enhance our comprehension of vestibular compensation mechanisms.
前庭代偿是内耳前庭器官的一种生理反应。这种适应在持续暴露于加速或减速时表现出来，前庭器官逐渐适应这些变化。前庭代偿的分子基础仍有待充分阐明，但新兴的研究表明与神经可塑性和信号转导途径有关。在整个代偿过程中，前庭感觉神经元保持向中枢平衡系统传递信号，通过突触传递和神经元兴奋性的改变来促进适应性。在这个过程中涉及的重要分子候选物包括离子通道和神经递质谱的变化，以及神经元和突触可塑性、代谢过程和电生理改变。本研究整合了前庭代偿中分子事件的现有理解，扩展了现有研究领域，并评估了当代治疗策略。此外，本综述还提出了未来研究的潜在途径，这可能有助于我们理解前庭代偿机制。
