Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Burwood, Victoria, Australia.
J Hypertens. 2024 Jul 1;42(7):1163-1172. doi: 10.1097/HJH.0000000000003699. Epub 2024 Feb 23.
Diets high in sodium are associated with adverse cardiovascular outcomes. We aimed to quantify the burden of cardiovascular disease (CVD) attributable to high dietary sodium consumption in the Australian population.
Using data from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2019, we estimated the age-standardised rates (per 100 000 population) and the total numbers of years lived with a disability (YLDs), years of life lost (YLLs), disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), and deaths for CVD attributable to high sodium (≥1000 mg/day) consumption in the Australian population, by sex and age groups (≥25 years) between 1990 and 2019. The study compared Australian estimates with similar high-income countries (Group of 20 [G20] members).
From 1990 to 2019, the age-standardized rates of CVD deaths, DALYs, YLDs, and YLLs per 100 000 population in Australia attributable to high sodium decreased. However, between 2013 and 2019, the total number of CVD deaths increased, and the number of CVD YLDs increased exponentially for both sexes for the whole period between 1990 and 2019. Men had a two-fold higher rate for high sodium CVD burden, compared to females between 1990 to 2019. Individuals aged between 80 and 84 years had the highest rates of CVD burden during the same period; however, older age groups reported the greatest decline in CVD burden compared to young and middle-aged adults in Australia. The age-standardised rates for high sodium attributable CVD consistently contributed more towards DALYs than YLDs in 2019 for both sexes. When compared to G20 countries, Australians displayed the lowest age-standardized rates for CVD deaths, DALYs, YLDs, and YLLs alongside Turkey, France, and the United Kingdom in 2019.
While age-standardized CVD burden attributable to high sodium consumption decreased for both sexes over the past 30 years, the total number of CVD deaths showed an increase between 2013 and 2019. This study underscores the need for sustained efforts to address the rising absolute number of CVD deaths, especially among men and older people, and emphasizes the importance of continued vigilance in monitoring and implementing strategies to reduce the impact of high sodium consumption on cardiovascular health in Australia.
高钠饮食与不良心血管结局有关。我们旨在量化澳大利亚人群中高膳食钠摄入导致的心血管疾病（CVD）负担。
使用 2019 年全球疾病负担（GBD）的数据，我们估计了 1990 年至 2019 年期间，澳大利亚人群中高钠（≥1000mg/天）摄入导致的 CVD 归因于高钠的年龄标准化率（每 10 万人）以及残疾年数（YLDs）、生命损失年数（YLLs）、残疾调整生命年（DALYs）和死亡人数，按性别和年龄组（≥25 岁）进行划分。本研究将澳大利亚的估计值与类似的高收入国家（20 国集团成员）进行了比较。
从 1990 年到 2019 年，澳大利亚归因于高钠的 CVD 死亡率、DALYs、YLDs 和 YLLs 的年龄标准化率每 10 万人均有所下降。然而，2013 年至 2019 年期间，CVD 死亡总数增加，整个 1990 年至 2019 年期间，男女 CVD YLDs 呈指数增长。1990 年至 2019 年期间，男性的高钠 CVD 负担率是女性的两倍。在同一时期，80 至 84 岁的人 CVD 负担率最高；然而，与澳大利亚的年轻和中年成年人相比，年龄较大的人群报告 CVD 负担下降幅度最大。2019 年，与 YLDs 相比，高钠归因 CVD 的年龄标准化率在两性中均对 DALYs 的贡献更大。与 2019 年的 20 国集团国家相比，澳大利亚与土耳其、法国和英国一起，其 CVD 死亡率、DALYs、YLDs 和 YLLs 的年龄标准化率均为最低。
尽管过去 30 年来男女两性归因于高钠摄入的 CVD 负担的年龄标准化率有所下降，但 2013 年至 2019 年期间 CVD 死亡总数有所增加。本研究强调需要持续努力解决 CVD 死亡人数的绝对增长，尤其是男性和老年人，并强调需要继续警惕监测和实施策略，以减少澳大利亚高钠摄入对心血管健康的影响。
