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MAIT 细胞-MR1 反应性在多个不同物种中高度保守。

MAIT cell-MR1 reactivity is highly conserved across multiple divergent species.

机构信息

Department of Enhanced Host Responses, The Pirbright Institute, Pirbright, United Kingdom; Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.

Division of Infection and Immunity, The Roslin Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Roslin, United Kingdom.

出版信息

J Biol Chem. 2024 Jun;300(6):107338. doi: 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.107338. Epub 2024 May 3.

Abstract

Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are a subset of unconventional T cells that recognize small molecule metabolites presented by major histocompatibility complex class I related protein 1 (MR1), via an αβ T cell receptor (TCR). MAIT TCRs feature an essentially invariant TCR α-chain, which is highly conserved between mammals. Similarly, MR1 is the most highly conserved major histocompatibility complex-I-like molecule. This extreme conservation, including the mode of interaction between the MAIT TCR and MR1, has been shown to allow for species-mismatched reactivities unique in T cell biology, thereby allowing the use of selected species-mismatched MR1-antigen (MR1-Ag) tetramers in comparative immunology studies. However, the pattern of cross-reactivity of species-mismatched MR1-Ag tetramers in identifying MAIT cells in diverse species has not been formally assessed. We developed novel cattle and pig MR1-Ag tetramers and utilized these alongside previously developed human, mouse, and pig-tailed macaque MR1-Ag tetramers to characterize cross-species tetramer reactivities. MR1-Ag tetramers from each species identified T cell populations in distantly related species with specificity that was comparable to species-matched MR1-Ag tetramers. However, there were subtle differences in staining characteristics with practical implications for the accurate identification of MAIT cells. Pig MR1 is sufficiently conserved across species that pig MR1-Ag tetramers identified MAIT cells from the other species. However, MAIT cells in pigs were at the limits of phenotypic detection. In the absence of sheep MR1-Ag tetramers, a MAIT cell population in sheep blood was identified phenotypically, utilizing species-mismatched MR1-Ag tetramers. Collectively, our results validate the use and define the limitations of species-mismatched MR1-Ag tetramers in comparative immunology studies.

摘要

黏膜相关不变 T (MAIT) 细胞是一种非常规 T 细胞亚群,其通过主要组织相容性复合体 I 相关蛋白 1 (MR1) 识别小分子代谢物,通过 αβ T 细胞受体 (TCR)。MAIT TCR 具有基本不变的 TCR α 链,在哺乳动物之间高度保守。同样,MR1 是最高度保守的主要组织相容性复合体 I 样分子。这种极端的保守性,包括 MAIT TCR 和 MR1 之间的相互作用模式,已被证明允许在 T 细胞生物学中具有独特的物种不匹配反应性,从而允许在比较免疫学研究中使用选定的物种不匹配的 MR1 抗原 (MR1-Ag) 四聚体。然而,物种不匹配的 MR1-Ag 四聚体在识别不同物种中的 MAIT 细胞的交叉反应模式尚未得到正式评估。我们开发了新型牛和猪的 MR1-Ag 四聚体,并与以前开发的人、鼠和猪尾猕猴的 MR1-Ag 四聚体一起使用,以表征跨物种四聚体反应性。来自每个物种的 MR1-Ag 四聚体鉴定了远缘物种中的 T 细胞群体,其特异性与物种匹配的 MR1-Ag 四聚体相当。然而,在染色特征上存在细微差异,这对 MAIT 细胞的准确识别具有实际意义。猪 MR1 在物种间具有足够的保守性,以至于猪的 MR1-Ag 四聚体可以鉴定来自其他物种的 MAIT 细胞。然而,猪中的 MAIT 细胞处于表型检测的极限。在没有绵羊 MR1-Ag 四聚体的情况下,利用物种不匹配的 MR1-Ag 四聚体在绵羊血液中鉴定出 MAIT 细胞群体。总的来说,我们的结果验证了使用和定义了物种不匹配的 MR1-Ag 四聚体在比较免疫学研究中的局限性。

https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/04d8/11190491/58baffe076cd/gr1.jpg

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