Department of Operating Theatre, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
Department of Operating Room, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
PLoS One. 2024 May 7;19(5):e0301186. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0301186. eCollection 2024.
To evaluate the effect of olfactory and/or gustatory stimulation interventions on feeding outcomes in preterm infants.
We conducted systematic searches across various academic databases, including PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, the Cochrane Library, the Chinese Biomedical Literature Service System, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, the Wanfang Database, and the Wipu Database. These searches aimed to identify randomized controlled trials investigating the impact of olfactory and/or gustatory stimulation on preterm infants. The search period spanned from the inception of the databases until December 2022. Two independent evaluators autonomously reviewed the literature, extracted pertinent data, assessed the quality of the included studies, and conducted a meta-analysis using RevMan 5.3 software.
A total of 7 randomized controlled trials or quasi-experimental studies were included, with a total of 871 participants. Olfactory and gustatory stimulation demonstrated a reduction in the time to full enteral feeds in preterm infants when compared to usual care (MD = -1.60 days; 95% CI = -2.31, -0.89; p<0.0001). No substantial evidence was identified regarding the influence of olfactory and gustatory stimulation on the duration of gastric tube placement, length of hospitalization, incidence of necrotizing enterocolitis, or occurrence of spontaneous bowel perforation in preterm infants.
Olfactory and gustatory stimulation show potential benefits for preterm infants. However, due to the low to very low level of certainty associated with the available data, our ability to assess the effects is limited. Further trials and studies are essential to enhance our understanding of the mechanisms and effectiveness of olfactory and gustatory stimulation therapies.
评估嗅觉和/或味觉刺激干预对早产儿喂养结局的影响。
我们对多个学术数据库（包括 PubMed、Embase、Web of Science、Cochrane 图书馆、中国生物医学文献服务系统、中国知网、万方数据库和维普数据库）进行了系统检索，以寻找评估嗅觉和/或味觉刺激对早产儿影响的随机对照试验。检索时间从数据库建立开始到 2022 年 12 月。两名独立评估员自主审查文献、提取相关数据、评估纳入研究的质量，并使用 RevMan 5.3 软件进行荟萃分析。
共纳入 7 项随机对照试验或准实验研究，共有 871 名参与者。与常规护理相比，嗅觉和味觉刺激可缩短早产儿完全肠内喂养的时间（MD = -1.60 天；95%CI = -2.31，-0.89；p<0.0001）。嗅觉和味觉刺激对早产儿胃管留置时间、住院时间、坏死性小肠结肠炎发生率或自发性肠穿孔发生率没有显著影响。
嗅觉和味觉刺激对早产儿可能有益。但是，由于现有数据的确定性水平低至非常低，我们评估效果的能力有限。需要进一步的试验和研究来提高我们对嗅觉和味觉刺激疗法的机制和效果的理解。
