Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A∗STAR), Singapore.
Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore (NUS), Singapore.
J Nutr. 2024 Jul;154(7):2157-2166. doi: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.05.002. Epub 2024 May 11.
We previously reported that delayed allergenic food introduction in infancy did not increase food allergy risk until age 4 y within our prospective cohort. However, it remains unclear whether other aspects of maternal or infant diet play roles in the development of childhood food allergy.
We examined the relationship between maternal pregnancy and infant dietary patterns and the development of food allergies until age 8 y.
Among 1152 Singapore Growing Up in Singapore Towards healthy Outcomes study mother-infant dyads, the infant's diet was ascertained using food frequency questionnaires at 18 mo. Maternal dietary patterns during pregnancy were derived from 24-h diet recalls. Food allergy was determined through interviewer-administered questionnaires at regular time points from infancy to age 8 y and defined as a positive history of allergic reactions, alongside skin prick tests at 18 mo, 3, 5, and 8 y.
Food allergy prevalence was 2.5% (22/883) at 12 mo and generally decreased over time by 8 y (1.9%; 14/736). Higher maternal dietary quality was associated with increased risk of food allergy (P ≤ 0.016); however, odds ratios were modest. Offspring food allergy risk ≤8 y showed no associations with measures of infant diet including timing of solids/food introduction (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 0.90; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.42, 1.92), infant's diet quality (aOR: 0.93; 95% CI: 0.88, 0.99) or diet diversity (aOR: 0.84; 95% CI: 0.6, 1.19). Most infants (89%) were first introduced to cow milk protein within the first month of life, while egg and peanut introduction were delayed (58.3% introduced by mean age 8.8 mo and 59.8% by mean age 18.1 mo, respectively).
Apart from maternal diet quality showing a modest association, infant's allergenic food introduction, diet quality, and dietary diversity were not associated with food allergy development in this Asian pediatric population. Interventional studies are needed to evaluate the efficacy of these approaches to food allergy prevention across different populations.
我们之前的研究报告表明，在我们的前瞻性队列中，婴儿期延迟引入致敏性食物直到 4 岁时才会增加食物过敏的风险。然而，目前尚不清楚母亲或婴儿饮食的其他方面是否在儿童食物过敏的发展中起作用。
我们研究了母亲妊娠和婴儿饮食模式与 8 岁前食物过敏发展之间的关系。
在 1152 对新加坡成长于新加坡以实现健康结局研究母婴对子中，通过 18 个月时的食物频率问卷来确定婴儿的饮食。通过 24 小时饮食回顾来确定母亲妊娠期间的饮食模式。通过从婴儿期到 8 岁时定期进行的访谈式问卷调查来确定食物过敏，并通过 18 个月、3 岁、5 岁和 8 岁时的皮肤点刺试验来定义过敏反应的阳性病史。
12 个月时食物过敏的患病率为 2.5%（22/883），并随着时间的推移到 8 岁时逐渐下降（1.9%；14/736）。较高的母体饮食质量与食物过敏风险增加相关（P≤0.016）；然而，比值比适中。≤8 岁的患儿食物过敏风险与包括固体/食物引入时间（调整比值比[aOR]：0.90；95%置信区间[CI]：0.42，1.92）、婴儿饮食质量（aOR：0.93；95% CI：0.88，0.99）或饮食多样性（aOR：0.84；95% CI：0.6，1.19）在内的婴儿饮食措施均无关联。大多数婴儿（89%）在生命的第一个月内首次引入牛奶蛋白，而鸡蛋和花生的引入时间较晚（58.3%在平均 8.8 个月时引入，59.8%在平均 18.1 个月时引入）。
除了母体饮食质量表现出适度的关联外，婴儿致敏性食物的引入、饮食质量和饮食多样性与该亚洲儿科人群的食物过敏发展无关。需要进行干预性研究来评估这些方法在不同人群中预防食物过敏的效果。
