Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China.
Guangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Buffalo Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction Technology, Buffalo Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, China.
mSystems. 2024 Jun 18;9(6):e0134823. doi: 10.1128/msystems.01348-23. Epub 2024 May 14.
() is reported to be an important pathogen associated with calf diarrhea. Antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and virulence factor genes (VFGs) pose a considerable threat to both animal and human health. However, little is known about the characterization of ARGs and VFGs presented in the gut microbiota of diarrheic calves caused by . In this study, we used multi-omics strategy to analyze the ARG and VFG profiles of Simmental calves with diarrhea caused by K99. We found that gut bacterial composition and their microbiome metabolic functions varied greatly in diarrheic calves compared to healthy calves. In total, 175 ARGs were identified, and diarrheal calves showed a significantly higher diversity and abundance of ARGs than healthy calves. Simmental calves with diarrhea showed higher association of VFGs with pili function, curli assembly, and ferrienterobactin transport of . Co-occurrence patterns based on Pearson correlation analysis revealed that had a highly significant ( < 0.0001) correlation coefficient (>0.8) with 16 ARGs and 7 VFGs. Metabolomics analysis showed that differentially expressed metabolites in Simmental calves with diarrhea displayed a high correlation with the aforementioned ARGs and VFGs. Phylotype analysis of genomes showed that the predominant phylogroup B1 in diarrheic Simmental calves was associated with 10 ARGs and 3 VFGs. These findings provide an overview of the diversity and abundance of the gut microbiota in diarrheic calves caused by and pave the way for further studies on the mechanisms of antibiotic resistance and virulence in the calves affected with diarrhea.IMPORTANCESimmental is a well-recognized beef cattle breed worldwide. They also suffer significant economic losses due to diarrhea. In this study, fecal metagenomic analysis was applied to characterize the antibiotic resistance gene (ARG) and virulence factor gene (VFG) profiles of diarrheic Simmental calves. We identified key ARGs and VFGs correlated with isolated from Simmental calves. Additionally, metabolomics analysis showed that differentially expressed metabolites in Simmental calves with diarrhea displayed a high correlation with the aforementioned ARGs and VFGs. Our findings provide an insight into the diversity and abundance of the gut microbiota in diarrheic calves caused by and pave the way for further studies on the mechanisms of antibiotic resistance and virulence in the diarrheal calves from cattle hosts.
（）被报道是与犊牛腹泻相关的重要病原体。抗生素耐药基因（ARGs）和毒力因子基因（VFGs）对动物和人类健康构成了相当大的威胁。然而，关于由引起的腹泻犊牛肠道微生物群中存在的 ARGs 和 VFGs 的特征，目前知之甚少。在这项研究中，我们使用多组学策略来分析由 K99 引起的腹泻西门塔尔犊牛的 ARG 和 VFG 图谱。我们发现，与健康犊牛相比，腹泻犊牛的肠道细菌组成及其微生物组代谢功能有很大差异。总共鉴定出 175 个 ARG，腹泻犊牛的 ARG 多样性和丰度明显高于健康犊牛。腹泻的西门塔尔犊牛与菌毛功能、卷曲组装和铁 enterobactin 转运的 VFGs 有更高的关联。基于 Pearson 相关性分析的共现模式表明，与 16 个 ARG 和 7 个 VFG 具有高度显著（<0.0001）相关系数（>0.8）。代谢组学分析表明，腹泻西门塔尔犊牛中差异表达的代谢物与上述 ARG 和 VFG 呈高度相关。基因组的系统发育分析表明，腹泻西门塔尔犊牛中主要的 B1 菌谱系与 10 个 ARG 和 3 个 VFG 相关。这些发现提供了由引起的腹泻犊牛肠道微生物多样性和丰度的概述，并为进一步研究受腹泻影响的犊牛中抗生素耐药性和毒力的机制铺平了道路。
西门塔尔牛是世界范围内公认的肉牛品种。它们也因腹泻而遭受重大经济损失。在这项研究中，应用粪便宏基因组分析来描述由分离的腹泻西门塔尔犊牛的抗生素耐药基因（ARG）和毒力因子基因（VFG）谱。我们确定了与西门塔尔犊牛中分离的相关的关键 ARG 和 VFG。此外，代谢组学分析表明，腹泻西门塔尔犊牛中差异表达的代谢物与上述 ARG 和 VFG 呈高度相关。我们的研究结果深入了解了由引起的腹泻犊牛肠道微生物群的多样性和丰度，并为进一步研究牛宿主中腹泻犊牛的抗生素耐药性和毒力机制奠定了基础。
