管理森林以促进生物多样性保护和减缓气候变化。
Managing Forests for Biodiversity Conservation and Climate Change Mitigation.
机构信息
H. Milton Stewart School of Industrial and Systems Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States.
International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA), Schlossplatz 1, Laxenburg A-2361, Austria.
出版信息
Environ Sci Technol. 2024 May 28;58(21):9175-9186. doi: 10.1021/acs.est.3c07163. Epub 2024 May 14.
We include biodiversity impacts in forest management decision making by incorporating the countryside species area relationship model into the partial equilibrium model GLOBIOM-Forest. We tested three forest management intensities (low, medium, and high) and limited biodiversity loss via an additional constraint on regional species loss. We analyzed two scenarios for climate change mitigation. RCP1.9, the higher mitigation scenario, has more biodiversity loss than the reference RCP7.0, suggesting a trade-off between climate change mitigation, with increased bioenergy use, and biodiversity conservation in forests. This trade-off can be alleviated with biodiversity-conscious forest management by (1) shifting biomass production destined to bioenergy from forests to energy crops, (2) increasing areas under unmanaged secondary forest, (3) reducing forest management intensity, and (4) reallocating biomass production between and within regions. With these mechanisms, it is possible to reduce potential global biodiversity loss by 10% with minor changes in economic outcomes. The global aggregated reduction in biodiversity impacts does not imply that biodiversity impacts are reduced in each ecoregion. We exemplify how to connect an ecologic and an economic model to identify trade-offs, challenges, and possibilities for improved decisions. We acknowledge the limitations of this approach, especially of measuring and projecting biodiversity loss.
我们通过将乡村物种面积关系模型纳入 GLOBIOM-Forest 局部均衡模型,将生物多样性影响纳入森林管理决策。我们测试了三种森林管理强度(低、中、高),并通过对区域物种损失的额外限制来限制生物多样性损失。我们分析了两种缓解气候变化的情景。缓解力度更高的 RCP1.9 比参考情景 RCP7.0 造成了更多的生物多样性损失,这表明在森林中增加生物能源利用以缓解气候变化与保护生物多样性之间存在权衡。通过具有生物多样性意识的森林管理,可以缓解这种权衡(1)将生物能源的生物质生产从森林转移到能源作物,(2)增加未管理的次生林面积,(3)降低森林管理强度,以及(4)在区域之间和区域内重新分配生物质生产。通过这些机制,可以在经济产出变化不大的情况下,将潜在的全球生物多样性损失减少 10%。全球生物多样性影响的综合减少并不意味着每个生态区的生物多样性影响都减少了。我们举例说明了如何连接生态和经济模型以确定权衡、挑战和改进决策的可能性。我们承认这种方法的局限性,特别是在衡量和预测生物多样性损失方面。