Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahatanishi-ku, Kitakushu 807-8555, Japan.
Department of Environmental Health, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahatanishi-ku, Kitakushu 807-8555, Japan.
Environ Int. 2024 Jun;188:108725. doi: 10.1016/j.envint.2024.108725. Epub 2024 May 13.
Lifelong health is dependent on prenatal growth and development, influenced by the placental intrauterine environment. Charged with dual functions--exchange of oxygen and nutrients as well as a barrier against toxins--the placenta itself is susceptible to environmental exposure to heavy metals.
To examine the use of placenta weight as a biomarker for heavy metal exposure using a large Japanese cohort of pregnant women.
The placenta weight, as a biomarker of exposure to heavy metals (cadmium, lead, and mercury), was investigated using data from the Japan Environment and Children's Study (2011-2014). Selenium and manganese were included as factors directly affecting fetal growth or heavy metal toxicity. Maternal blood samples collected in the second or third trimester were used to measure heavy metal concentrations. The association between maternal blood metal concentrations and placenta weight was explored by applying Z scores and multivariable logistic regression analysis and classifying participants into quartiles (Q1, Q2, Q3, and Q4) according to metal concentrations.
This study included a total of 73,005 singleton pregnant women who delivered via live births and met the inclusion criteria. The median heavy metal concentrations in the maternal whole blood were 0.662 ng/g cadmium, 5.85 ng/g lead, 3.61 ng/g mercury, 168 ng/g selenium, and 15.3 ng/g manganese. Regression analysis revealed a significant correlation between placenta weight Z scores and maternal blood metal concentrations: cadmium, 0.0660 (standard error = 0.0074, p < 0.001); selenium, -0.3137 (standard error = 0.0276, p < 0.001); and manganese, 0.1483 (standard error = 0.0110, p < 0.001).
This study provides a robust examination of the association between heavy metal exposure and placenta weight. Cadmium and manganese showed a positive correlation with significant differences, whereas selenium showed a negative correlation. Essential elements notably affect placenta weight differently. No significant association was noted between lead or mercury and placenta weight.
终生健康取决于产前生长发育，而这又受到胎盘宫内环境的影响。胎盘具有双重功能——氧气和营养物质的交换以及对毒素的屏障作用——本身容易受到重金属的环境暴露。
利用日本大型孕妇队列研究，以胎盘重量作为重金属暴露的生物标志物。
利用日本环境与儿童研究（2011-2014 年）的数据，研究胎盘重量作为重金属（镉、铅和汞）暴露的生物标志物。纳入了硒和锰这两种直接影响胎儿生长或重金属毒性的因素。在妊娠中期或晚期采集的母亲血液样本用于测量重金属浓度。通过应用 Z 分数和多变量逻辑回归分析，将母亲血液中金属浓度与胎盘重量联系起来，并根据金属浓度将参与者分为四分位数（Q1、Q2、Q3 和 Q4）。
本研究共纳入了 73005 名符合条件的单胎足月分娩孕妇。母亲全血中重金属浓度的中位数分别为镉 0.662ng/g、铅 5.85ng/g、汞 3.61ng/g、硒 168ng/g 和锰 15.3ng/g。回归分析显示，胎盘重量 Z 分数与母亲血液中金属浓度之间存在显著相关性：镉，0.0660（标准误 0.0074，p<0.001）；硒，-0.3137（标准误 0.0276，p<0.001）；和锰，0.1483（标准误 0.0110，p<0.001）。
本研究对重金属暴露与胎盘重量之间的关系进行了稳健的检验。镉和锰呈正相关，差异有统计学意义，而硒呈负相关。必需元素对胎盘重量的影响明显不同。铅或汞与胎盘重量之间无显著相关性。
