Laboratory for Structural Biology of Membrane Proteins, Dr. B.R. Ambedkar Center for Biomedical Research, University of Delhi, New Delhi, Delhi, India.
Central Council for Research in Homoeopathy, Ministry of Ayush, Govt. of India, New Delhi, Delhi, India.
Adv Protein Chem Struct Biol. 2024;140:381-417. doi: 10.1016/bs.apcsb.2023.12.004. Epub 2024 Mar 11.
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) and cancer are major contributors to global morbidity and mortality. This book chapter delves into the intricate relationship between the immune system and the pathogenesis of both cardiovascular and cancer diseases, exploring the roles of innate and adaptive immunities, immune regulation, and immunotherapy in these complex conditions. The innate immune system acts as the first line of defense against tissue damage and infection, with a significant impact on the initiation and progression of CVD and cancer. Endothelial dysfunction, a hallmark in CVD, shares commonalities with the tumor microenvironment in cancer, emphasizing the parallel involvement of the immune system in both conditions. The adaptive immune system, particularly T cells, contributes to prolonged inflammation in both CVD and cancer. Regulatory T cells and the intricate balance between different T cell subtypes influence disease progression, wound healing, and the outcomes of ischemic injury and cancer immunosurveillance. Dysregulation of immune homeostasis can lead to chronic inflammation, contributing to the development and progression of both CVD and cancer. Thus, immunotherapy emerged as a promising avenue for preventing and managing these diseases, with strategies targeting immune cell modulation, cytokine manipulation, immune checkpoint blockade, and tolerance induction. The impact of gut microbiota on CVD and cancer too is explored in this chapter, highlighting the role of gut leakiness, microbial metabolites, and the potential for microbiome-based interventions in cardiovascular and cancer immunotherapies. In conclusion, immunomodulatory strategies and immunotherapy hold promise in reshaping the landscape of cardiovascular and cancer health. Additionally, harnessing the gut microbiota for immune modulation presents a novel approach to prevent and manage these complex diseases, emphasizing the importance of personalized and precision medicine in healthcare. Ongoing research and clinical trials are expected to further elucidate the complex immunological underpinnings of CVD and cancer thereby refining these innovative approaches.
心血管疾病（CVD）和癌症是全球发病率和死亡率的主要原因。本章深入探讨了免疫系统与心血管和癌症疾病发病机制之间的复杂关系，研究了先天和适应性免疫、免疫调节以及免疫疗法在这些复杂疾病中的作用。先天免疫系统作为抵抗组织损伤和感染的第一道防线，对 CVD 和癌症的发生和发展有重大影响。内皮功能障碍是 CVD 的一个标志，与癌症中的肿瘤微环境有共同之处，强调了免疫系统在这两种情况下的平行参与。适应性免疫系统，特别是 T 细胞，有助于 CVD 和癌症中的长期炎症。调节性 T 细胞和不同 T 细胞亚型之间的复杂平衡影响疾病进展、伤口愈合以及缺血损伤和癌症免疫监视的结果。免疫稳态的失调可导致慢性炎症，从而促进 CVD 和癌症的发生和发展。因此，免疫疗法作为预防和管理这些疾病的一种有前途的方法出现了，其策略针对免疫细胞调节、细胞因子操纵、免疫检查点阻断和耐受诱导。本章还探讨了肠道微生物群对 CVD 和癌症的影响，强调了肠道通透性、微生物代谢物以及基于微生物组的干预措施在心血管和癌症免疫治疗中的作用。总之，免疫调节策略和免疫疗法有望重塑心血管和癌症健康的格局。此外，利用肠道微生物群进行免疫调节为预防和管理这些复杂疾病提供了一种新方法，强调了个性化和精准医疗在医疗保健中的重要性。预计正在进行的研究和临床试验将进一步阐明 CVD 和癌症的复杂免疫学基础，从而完善这些创新方法。
