Birren Susan J, Goodrich Lisa V, Segal Rosalind A
Department of Biology, Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts 02453, USA
Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.
Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol. 2025 Jan 7;17(1):a041367. doi: 10.1101/cshperspect.a041367.
Many glial biologists consider glia the neglected cells of the nervous system. Among all the glia of the central and peripheral nervous system, satellite glia may be the most often overlooked. Satellite glial cells (SGCs) are located in ganglia of the cranial nerves and the peripheral nervous system. These small cells surround the cell bodies of neurons in the trigeminal ganglia (TG), spiral ganglia, nodose and petrosal ganglia, sympathetic ganglia, and dorsal root ganglia (DRG). Essential SGC features include their intimate connections with the associated neurons, their small size, and their derivation from neural crest cells. Yet SGCs also exhibit tissue-specific properties and can change rapidly, particularly in response to injury. To illustrate the range of SGC functions, we will focus on three types: those of the spiral, sympathetic, and DRG, and consider both their shared features and those that differ based on location.
许多神经胶质生物学家认为神经胶质是神经系统中被忽视的细胞。在中枢和外周神经系统的所有神经胶质中，卫星神经胶质可能是最常被忽视的。卫星神经胶质细胞（SGCs）位于颅神经节和外周神经系统中。这些小细胞围绕着三叉神经节（TG）、螺旋神经节、结节神经节和岩神经节、交感神经节以及背根神经节（DRG）中的神经元胞体。SGCs的基本特征包括它们与相关神经元的紧密连接、它们的小尺寸以及它们源自神经嵴细胞。然而，SGCs也表现出组织特异性特性，并且可以迅速变化，特别是对损伤做出反应。为了说明SGCs功能的范围，我们将重点关注三种类型：螺旋神经节、交感神经节和DRG的SGCs，并考虑它们的共同特征以及基于位置而不同的特征。
