在埃塞俄比亚阿姆哈拉州，所有年龄段腹泻患者的诺如病毒遗传多样性和分布情况。

Genetic diversity and distribution of noroviruses among all age groups of patients with diarrhea in Amhara National Regional State, Ethiopia.

机构信息

Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Biomedical and Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia.

Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia.

出版信息

PLoS One. 2024 May 21;19(5):e0303887. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0303887. eCollection 2024.

DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0303887

PMID:38771749

原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11108165/

Abstract

BACKGROUND

Norovirus (NoV) is the leading cause of diarrheal disease worldwide and the impact is high in developing countries, including Ethiopia. Moreover, there is a significant and fluctuating global genetic diversity that varies across diverse environments over time. Nevertheless, there is a scarcity of data on the genetic diversity of NoV in Ethiopia.

OBJECTIVE

This study was aimed to assess the genetic diversity and distribution of NoVs circulating in the Amhara National Regional State, Ethiopia, by considering all age groups.

METHODS

A total of 519 fecal samples were collected from diarrheal patients from May 01/2021 to November 30/ 2021. The fecal samples were screened for the presence of NoVs using real-time RT-PCR by targeting a portion of the major capsid protein coding region. The positive samples were further amplified using conventional RT-PCR, and sequenced.

RESULTS

The positivity rate of NoV was (8.9%; 46/519). The detection rate of NoV genogroup II (GII) and genogroup I (GI) was 38 (82.6%) and 8 (17.4%), respectively. Overall, five distinct GII (GII.3, GII.6, GII.10, GII.17, and GII.21) and two GI (GI.3 and GI.5) genotypes were detected. Within the GII types, GII.3 was the predominant (34.2%) followed by GII.21 (15.8%), GII.17 (10.5%), GII.6 and GII.10 each (2.6%). Norovirus GII.21 is reported for the first time in Ethiopia. The genetic diversity and distribution of NoVs were significantly different across the four sampling sits and age groups. The phylogenetic analysis revealed close relatedness of the current strains with published strains from Ethiopia and elsewhere.

CONCLUSION

The distribution and genetic diversity of NoV was considerably high, with predominance of non-GII.4 genotypes. The GII.21 genotype is a new add on the growing evidences on the genetic diversity of NoVs in Ethiopia. Future nationwide surveillance studies are necessary to gain comprehensive data in Ethiopia.

摘要

背景

诺如病毒（NoV）是全球导致腹泻病的主要原因，在包括埃塞俄比亚在内的发展中国家影响较大。此外，它具有显著且不断变化的全球遗传多样性，随着时间的推移在不同环境中发生变化。然而，关于埃塞俄比亚 NoV 的遗传多样性的数据却很少。

目的

本研究旨在评估诺如病毒在埃塞俄比亚阿姆哈拉州的遗传多样性和分布情况，考虑所有年龄段。

方法

2021 年 5 月 1 日至 11 月 30 日，收集了 519 份来自腹泻患者的粪便样本。使用针对主要衣壳蛋白编码区域的实时 RT-PCR 检测粪便样本中是否存在 NoV。对阳性样本进行进一步的常规 RT-PCR 扩增和测序。

结果

NoV 的阳性率为 8.9%（46/519）。检测到的 NoV 基因型 II（GII）和基因型 I（GI）分别为 38 种（82.6%）和 8 种（17.4%）。总体而言，检测到 5 种不同的 GII（GII.3、GII.6、GII.10、GII.17 和 GII.21）和 2 种 GI（GI.3 和 GI.5）基因型。在 GII 型中，GII.3 是主要的（34.2%），其次是 GII.21（15.8%）、GII.17（10.5%）、GII.6 和 GII.10 各（2.6%）。NoV GII.21 是在埃塞俄比亚首次报告的。诺如病毒的遗传多样性和分布在四个采样点和年龄组之间存在显著差异。系统发育分析显示，目前的毒株与来自埃塞俄比亚和其他地方的已发表毒株密切相关。