Expression of miRNA from spent pre-implantation embryos culture media.

This study examines the expression of three microRNAs (hsa-miR-661, hsa-miR-21-5p, hsa-miR-372-5p) in spent pre-implantation embryos culture media to identify possible new non-invasive biomarkers of embryo competence, predictive of development to the blastocyst stage. A preliminary analysis on 16 patients undergoing IVF cycles was performed by collecting and stored spent culture media on the fifth/sixth day of embryo culture. Expression of miRNAs was evaluated according to the embryos' fate: 1) NE/DG: non-evolved or degenerate embryos; 2) BLOK: embryos developed to the blastocyst stage. Preliminary results revealed a higher miRNAs expression in NE/DG spent media. To elucidate the roles of these miRNAs, we employed a robust bioinformatics pipeline involving: 1) in-silico miRNA Target Prediction using RNAHybrid, which identified the most-likely gene targets; 2) Construction of a Protein-Protein Interaction network via GeneMania, linking genes with significant biological correlations; 3) application of modularity-based clustering with the gLay app in Cytoscape, resulting in three size-adapted subnets for focused analysis; 4) Enrichment Analysis to discern the biological pathways influenced by the miRNAs. Our bioinformatics analysis revealed that hsa-miR-661 was closely associated with pathways regulating cell shape and morphogenesis of the epithelial sheet. These data suggest the potential use of certain miRNAs to identify embryos with a higher likelihood of developing to the blastocyst stage. Further analysis will be necessary to explore the reproducibility of these findings and to understand if miRNAs here investigated can be used as biomarkers for embryo selection before implantation into the uterus or if they may be reliable predictors of IVF outcome.