Xue Chunran, Yu Haojun, Sun Ye, Wang Xiying, Pei Xuzhong, Chen Yi, Guan Yangtai
Department of Neurology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 160 Pujian Rd, Shanghai, 200127, P.R. China.
School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, P.R. China.
Curr Stem Cell Res Ther. 2025;20(5):524-537. doi: 10.2174/011574888X305349240511125540.
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system and is a leading cause of disability in young adults. Most therapeutic strategies are based on immunosuppressant effects. However, none of the drugs showed complete remission and may result in serious adverse events such as infection. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have gained much attention and are considered a potential therapeutic strategy owing to their immunomodulatory effects and neuroprotective functions. Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a classical animal model for MS, is widely used to explore the efficacy and mechanism of MSC transplantation. This review summarises the therapeutic mechanism of MSCs in the treatment of EAE, including the effects on immune cells (T cells, B cells, dendritic cells, natural killer cells) and central nervous system-resident cells (astroglia, microglia, oligodendrocytes, neurons) as well as various strategies to improve the efficacy of MSCs in the treatment of EAE. Additionally, we discuss the clinical application of MSCs for MS patients as well as the challenges and prospects of MSC transplantation.
多发性硬化症（MS）是一种中枢神经系统的炎性脱髓鞘疾病，是年轻成年人残疾的主要原因。大多数治疗策略基于免疫抑制作用。然而，没有一种药物能实现完全缓解，且可能导致严重不良事件，如感染。间充质干细胞（MSCs）已备受关注，因其免疫调节作用和神经保护功能而被视为一种潜在的治疗策略。实验性自身免疫性脑脊髓炎（EAE）是MS的经典动物模型，被广泛用于探索MSCs移植的疗效和机制。本综述总结了MSCs治疗EAE的机制，包括对免疫细胞（T细胞、B细胞、树突状细胞、自然杀伤细胞）和中枢神经系统驻留细胞（星形胶质细胞、小胶质细胞、少突胶质细胞、神经元）的影响，以及提高MSCs治疗EAE疗效的各种策略。此外，我们还讨论了MSCs在MS患者中的临床应用以及MSCs移植的挑战和前景。
