Int J Periodontics Restorative Dent. 2024 May 24;44(3):250-251. doi: 10.11607/prd.2024.3.e.
It is incumbent upon our profession to reevaluate our preference for routinely replacing a missing single maxillary incisor, especially a maxillary lateral incisor, with a dental implant in a young adult. The dental literature is replete with beautiful restorative results using implants in this area, but there is minimal discussion regarding the long-term consequences of this treatment. The maxillary lateral incisor is one of the most commonly missing teeth due to agenesis, and it is also one of the most common teeth to be lost due to trauma in the developing child.1 Therefore, the decision for replacement must be made with the long-term in mind, as these restorations are commonly placed between ages 18 and 21 and must serve the patient for many decades. There are several reasons that implants can be associated with complications or even fail, including the following: (1) Continued craniofacial growth, which has a predominant anterior and vertical component and has been shown to occur in the maxilla, resulting in the apparent submersion of the implant crown as the natural teeth move incisally in relation to the implant2,3-there is no evidence that this can be predicted, let alone how far into the future it may happen; (2) peri-implantitis, which has a patient-level prevalence estimate of nearly 25% according to the findings of a recent systematic review;4 (3) thinning and recession of the peri-implant mucosa due to poor implant placement, inadequate prosthetic management, and/or poor case selection, often resulting in compromised esthetics and a predisposition for the onset and progression of peri-implant diseases; and (4) mechanical failure of the implant, abutment screw, transmucosal abutment, and/or crown. Clinicians should also keep in mind that, once an implant is placed in the anterior maxilla, it precludes the possibility for palatal expansion in the adult patient because the space created by the expansion cannot be redistributed orthodontically. Canine substitution is one traditional method for replacement of the missing maxillary lateral incisor. It is still a viable option when the canine tooth has an acceptable shape and color, and the occlusion will not be compromised by the substitution.5 Additionally, the bonded single-wing zirconia bridge has become a primary treatment option.6 Zirconia has the strength of metal and beauty of porcelain, which makes it an ideal substrate for a bonded bridge. The literature has demonstrated the long-term success of this replacement option for the missing maxillary incisor.7 There are clearly many potential long-term disadvantages associated with replacing a single missing maxillary incisor with an implant in young adults. We should be prescribing the least-invasive treatment option for the replacement of these teeth. Therefore, when treatment-planning for a missing maxillary incisor in a young adult, alternatives to implant therapy-such as the bonded single-wing zirconia bridge and canine substitution-should be the primary treatment options. The implant should only be considered as a secondary treatment when the other options are not viable or have previously failed.
我们的专业有责任重新评估我们对常规替换缺失上颌侧切牙(尤其是上颌侧切牙)的偏好,尤其是在年轻成年人中。牙科文献中充满了在该区域使用植入物进行美容修复的结果,但很少讨论这种治疗的长期后果。上颌侧切牙是由于先天缺失最常见的牙齿之一,也是发育中儿童因外伤而缺失最常见的牙齿之一。因此,必须从长远考虑做出替换决定,因为这些修复通常在 18 至 21 岁之间进行,并且必须为患者服务数十年。植入物可能会出现并发症甚至失败,原因有几个,包括以下几点:(1)持续的颅面生长,主要是前向和垂直方向的生长,已经表明在上颌骨中发生,导致植入物冠的明显浸没,因为天然牙齿相对于植入物向前切牙移动。植入物可能会发生这种情况,更不用说它可能会在未来多远的时间发生,这是无法预测的;(2)种植体周围炎,根据最近的系统评价研究结果,其患者水平患病率估计接近 25%;4(3)由于植入物放置不当、修复体管理不足和/或病例选择不当,导致植入体周围粘膜变薄和退缩,这通常会导致美观受损,并容易发生种植体周围疾病的发生和进展;(4)植入物、基台螺丝、黏膜下基台和/或冠的机械故障。临床医生还应记住,一旦在前上颌骨中放置了植入物,就排除了成年患者腭部扩张的可能性,因为扩张所创造的空间不能通过正畸重新分配。犬齿替代是替换缺失上颌侧切牙的一种传统方法。当犬齿具有可接受的形状和颜色,并且替代不会影响咬合时,它仍然是一种可行的选择。5 此外,粘合的单翼氧化锆桥已成为主要的治疗选择。6 氧化锆具有金属的强度和瓷器的美观,使其成为粘合桥的理想基底。文献证明了这种缺失上颌切牙替代选择的长期成功。7 用植入物替换单个缺失的上颌侧切牙显然存在许多潜在的长期不利因素。我们应为这些牙齿的修复提供侵入性最小的治疗选择。因此,在为年轻成年人计划缺失上颌切牙的治疗时,替代植入物治疗的方法,如粘合的单翼氧化锆桥和犬齿替代,应成为主要的治疗选择。只有当其他选择不可行或先前失败时,植入物才应被视为二线治疗。
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