Böhm Harald, Stebbins Julie, Kothari Alpesh, Dussa Chakravarthy Ughandar
Orthopaedic Hospital for Children, Treatment Center Aschau im Chiemgau, 83229 Aschau im Chiemgau, Germany.
Faculty of Engineering and Health Göttingen, University of Applied Sciences and Arts, 37077 Göttingen, Germany.
Children (Basel). 2024 May 17;11(5):604. doi: 10.3390/children11050604.
Flatfeet in children are common, causing concern for parents due to potential symptoms. Technological advances, like 3D foot kinematic analysis, have revolutionized assessment. This review examined 3D assessments in paediatric idiopathic flexible flat feet (FFF).
Searches focused on paediatric idiopathic FFF in PubMed, Web of Science, and SCOPUS. Inclusion criteria required 3D kinematic and/or kinetic analysis during posture or locomotion, excluding non-idiopathic cases, adult feet, and studies solely on pedobarography or radiographs.
Twenty-four studies met the criteria. Kinematic and kinetic differences between FFF and typical feet during gait were outlined, with frontal plane deviations like hindfoot eversion and forefoot supination, alongside decreased second peak vertical GRF. Dynamic foot classification surpassed static assessments, revealing varied movement patterns within FFF. Associations between gait characteristics and clinical measures like pain symptoms and quality of life were explored. Interventions varied, with orthoses reducing ankle eversion and knee and hip abductor moments during gait, while arthroereisis normalized calcaneal alignment and hindfoot eversion.
This review synthesises research on 3D kinematics and kinetics in paediatric idiopathic FFF, offering insights for intervention strategies and further research.
儿童扁平足很常见，因其潜在症状而引起家长担忧。诸如三维足部运动学分析等技术进步彻底改变了评估方式。本综述研究了小儿特发性柔性扁平足（FFF）的三维评估。
检索集中在PubMed、科学网和Scopus数据库中关于小儿特发性FFF的文献。纳入标准要求在姿势或运动过程中进行三维运动学和/或动力学分析，排除非特发性病例、成人足部以及仅关于足底压力测定或X线片的研究。
24项研究符合标准。概述了FFF与典型足部在步态期间的运动学和动力学差异，包括后足外翻和前足旋后等额状面偏差，以及第二峰值垂直地面反作用力降低。动态足部分类优于静态评估，揭示了FFF内不同的运动模式。探讨了步态特征与疼痛症状和生活质量等临床指标之间的关联。干预措施各不相同，矫形器可减少步态期间的踝关节外翻以及膝关节和髋关节外展力矩，而跟骨阻滞术可使跟骨对线和后足外翻正常化。
本综述综合了小儿特发性FFF三维运动学和动力学的研究，为干预策略和进一步研究提供了见解。
