Institute of Medical Sciences, Medical College, University of Rzeszów, Rzeszów, Poland.
University Clinical Hospital them. F. Chopin in Rzeszów, Rzeszów, Poland.
Med Sci Monit. 2024 May 26;30:e943644. doi: 10.12659/MSM.943644.
BACKGROUND Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) affects 5.8-12.9% of pregnant women, while pre-gestational diabetes mellitus (PGDM) affects 0.4-1.1%. GDM increases the risk of perinatal complications and long-term health issues. This retrospective study from a single centre in Rzeszów, Poland aimed to evaluate maternal and neonatal outcomes of pregnancy of 65 women with gestational diabetes mellitus. MATERIAL AND METHODS The study group consisted 65 women with GDM. The control group consisted 60 women without. GDM were diagnosed with carbohydrate metabolism disorders during pregnancy based on the results of the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). Methods of evaluation of the mothers: age, body mass before pregnancy, body height, body mass index (BMI), gravidity, parity, the number of miscarriages, length of stay (LOS) of mother, gestational weight gain (GWG), duration of pregnancy, type of delivery, treatment of diabetes. Methods of evaluation of the child: LOS, birth weight, Apgar points. RESULTS Women with diabetes stayed in hospital longer than women without, similarly applies the length of stay (LOS) of the child (p<0.001). It turned out that the women with GDM were significantly more likely to deliver by caesarean section (CS) (p=0.024) and these women most often had gestational weight gain (GWG) within the recommended range (p<0.001). Body mass index (BMI) before pregnancy was significantly higher in the women with GDM (p=0.023). CONCLUSIONS The above study confirms that the occurrence of GDM has an undoubted impact on prolonged LOS of the mother and child, more frequent CS delivery and normal GWG.
妊娠糖尿病（GDM）影响 5.8-12.9%的孕妇，而孕前糖尿病（PGDM）影响 0.4-1.1%。GDM 会增加围产期并发症和长期健康问题的风险。这项来自波兰热舒夫单一中心的回顾性研究旨在评估 65 例妊娠糖尿病孕妇的母婴结局。
研究组包括 65 例 GDM 孕妇，对照组包括 60 例无 GDM 孕妇。GDM 是根据口服葡萄糖耐量试验（OGTT）的结果在怀孕期间诊断为碳水化合物代谢紊乱。母亲评估方法：年龄、孕前体重、身高、体重指数（BMI）、孕次、产次、流产次数、母亲住院时间（LOS）、体重增加（GWG）、孕期、分娩方式、糖尿病治疗。儿童评估方法：LOS、出生体重、阿普加评分。
患有糖尿病的女性住院时间长于未患有糖尿病的女性，同样适用于儿童的住院时间（LOS）（p<0.001）。结果表明，GDM 女性更有可能行剖宫产（CS）（p=0.024），这些女性的体重增加（GWG）更常处于推荐范围内（p<0.001）。GDM 女性的孕前 BMI 明显更高（p=0.023）。
上述研究证实，GDM 的发生无疑会延长母婴的 LOS，增加 CS 分娩的频率和正常的 GWG。
