School of Behavioural, Social, and Legal Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden.
Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute & Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, Sweden.
Scand J Psychol. 2024 Oct;65(5):884-892. doi: 10.1111/sjop.13029. Epub 2024 May 27.
Transgender and gender-diverse (TGD) youth experience more stressors and are therefore at a higher risk of health problems compared with their cisgender peers. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of TGD youth in a general population sample and to explore a wide variety of health-related factors. We investigate differences in stressors and health outcomes between TGD youth and cisgender girls and boys and the influence of stressors and demographic factors on health outcome in the whole group.
Cross-sectional survey data from a Swedish school-based study were used (N = 3,067, M = 17.8 years). Those who had reported their gender identity as "other" or other than their assigned gender (N = 41) were compared with cisgendered girls (n = 1,544) and boys (n = 1,482). Regression models in the whole group explored if demographics and stressors statistically predicted health outcomes.
In comparison with cisgender girls and boys, TGD youth (1.3% of the whole sample) reported a higher prevalence of self-harm and pain problems. Both TGD youth and cisgender girls more frequently reported insomnia, social anxiety, depressive symptoms, pain, and stressors compared with cisgender boys. When only demographic variables were entered, but not when stressors were added to the model, being TGD magnified the odds of depressive symptoms, sub-diagnostic social anxiety, and pain problems. Stressors magnified the odds of reporting health problems for the whole group.
TGD youth generally reported more stressors, which negatively influence health outcomes. Results are important for professionals who meet TGD youth.
跨性别和性别多样化（TGD）青年比顺性别同龄人经历更多的压力源，因此面临更高的健康问题风险。本研究旨在调查普通人群样本中 TGD 青年的流行率，并探讨广泛的健康相关因素。我们研究了 TGD 青年与顺性别女孩和男孩之间的压力源和健康结果的差异，以及压力源和人口统计学因素对整个群体健康结果的影响。
使用来自瑞典基于学校的研究的横断面调查数据（N=3067，M=17.8 岁）。那些报告自己的性别认同为“其他”或与其分配性别不同的人（N=41）与顺性别女孩（n=1544）和男孩（n=1482）进行比较。整个组中的回归模型探讨了人口统计学和压力源是否在统计学上预测健康结果。
与顺性别女孩和男孩相比，TGD 青年（整个样本的 1.3%）报告自我伤害和疼痛问题的患病率更高。TGD 青年和顺性别女孩比顺性别男孩更频繁地报告失眠、社交焦虑、抑郁症状、疼痛和压力源。当仅纳入人口统计学变量而不将压力源纳入模型时，TGD 会增加抑郁症状、亚诊断社交焦虑和疼痛问题的几率。压力源放大了整个群体报告健康问题的几率。
TGD 青年普遍报告了更多的压力源，这些压力源对健康结果产生负面影响。结果对遇到 TGD 青年的专业人士很重要。
