Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, City of Hope, Duarte, California, USA.
Department of Computational and Quantitative Sciences, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, California, USA.
Am J Hematol. 2024 Sep;99(9):1680-1690. doi: 10.1002/ajh.27378. Epub 2024 May 28.
Allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) offers a potential cure in Philadelphia chromosome-positive (Ph+) acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL); nonetheless, relapses are common and the major cause of mortality. One strategy to prevent relapse is tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) maintenance post-HCT, but published clinical experience is primarily with the first-generation TKI imatinib while data with newer generation TKIs are limited. We conducted a retrospective analysis of 185 Ph+ ALL patients who underwent HCT followed by TKI maintenance from 2003 to 2021 at City of Hope. Initially, 50 (27.0%) received imatinib, 118 (63.8%) received a second-generation TKI (2G-TKI), and 17 (9.2%) received ponatinib. A total of 77 patients (41.6%) required a dose reduction of their initial TKI due to toxicity. Sixty-six patients (35.7%) did not complete maintenance due to toxicity; 69 patients (37.3%) discontinued 1 TKI, and 11 (5.9%) discontinued 2 TKIs due to toxicity. Initial imatinib versus 2G-TKI versus ponatinib maintenance was discontinued in 19 (38.0%) versus 68 (57.6%) versus 3 (17.6%) patients due to toxicity (p = .003), respectively. Patients on ponatinib as their initial TKI had a longer duration of TKI maintenance versus 2G-TKI: 576.0 days (range, 72-921) versus 254.5 days (range, 3-2740; p = .02). The most common reasons for initial TKI discontinuation include gastrointestinal (GI) intolerance (15.1%), cytopenia (8.6%), and fluid retention (3.8%). The 5-year overall survival and progression-free survival for the total population were 78% and 71%, respectively. Our findings demonstrate the challenges of delivering post-HCT TKI maintenance in a large real-world cohort as toxicities leading to TKI interruptions, discontinuation, and dose reduction were common.
异基因造血细胞移植 (HCT) 为费城染色体阳性 (Ph+) 急性淋巴细胞白血病 (ALL) 提供了潜在的治愈方法;然而,复发很常见,是导致死亡的主要原因。预防复发的一种策略是 HCT 后进行酪氨酸激酶抑制剂 (TKI) 维持治疗,但已发表的临床经验主要是第一代 TKI 伊马替尼,而新一代 TKI 的数据有限。我们对 2003 年至 2021 年在希望之城接受 HCT 后接受 TKI 维持治疗的 185 例 Ph+ALL 患者进行了回顾性分析。最初,50 例(27.0%)接受伊马替尼治疗,118 例(63.8%)接受第二代 TKI(2G-TKI)治疗,17 例(9.2%)接受 ponatinib 治疗。由于毒性作用,共有 77 例(41.6%)患者需要减少初始 TKI 的剂量。由于毒性作用,66 例(35.7%)患者未完成维持治疗;69 例(37.3%)患者因毒性作用停止使用 1 种 TKI,11 例(5.9%)患者因毒性作用停止使用 2 种 TKI。由于毒性作用,19 例(38.0%)患者停止使用初始伊马替尼,68 例(57.6%)患者停止使用 2G-TKI,3 例(17.6%)患者停止使用 ponatinib(p=0.003)。接受 ponatinib 作为初始 TKI 的患者与 2G-TKI 相比,TKI 维持时间更长:576.0 天(范围,72-921)与 254.5 天(范围,3-2740;p=0.02)。初始 TKI 停药的最常见原因包括胃肠道 (GI) 不耐受(15.1%)、血细胞减少症(8.6%)和液体潴留(3.8%)。总体人群的 5 年总生存率和无进展生存率分别为 78%和 71%。我们的研究结果表明,在大型真实世界队列中进行 HCT 后 TKI 维持治疗存在挑战,因为毒性作用导致 TKI 中断、停药和剂量减少很常见。