鉴定宿主抗氧化效应因子作为噻氯匹定的靶点:对心肌细胞感染和克氏锥虫诱导的急性心肌炎的影响。
Identification of host antioxidant effectors as thioridazine targets: Impact on cardiomyocytes infection and Trypanosoma cruzi-induced acute myocarditis.
机构信息
Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biociências Aplicadas à Saúde, Universidade Federal de Alfenas, Alfenas 37130-001, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal de Alfenas, Alfenas 37130-001, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Alfenas, Alfenas 37130-001, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
出版信息
Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis. 2024 Aug;1870(6):167264. doi: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2024.167264. Epub 2024 May 26.
Phenothiazines inhibit antioxidant enzymes in trypanosomatids. However, potential interferences with host cell antioxidant defenses are central concerns in using these drugs to treat Trypanosoma cruzi-induced infectious myocarditis. Thus, the interaction of thioridazine (TDZ) with T. cruzi and cardiomyocytes antioxidant enzymes, and its impact on cardiomyocytes and cardiac infection was investigated in vitro and in vivo. Cardiomyocytes and trypomastigotes in culture, and mice treated with TDZ and benznidazole (Bz, reference antiparasitic drug) were submitted to microstructural, biochemical and molecular analyses. TDZ was more cytotoxic and less selective against T. cruzi than Bz in vitro. TDZ-pretreated cardiomyocytes developed increased infection rate, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, lipid and protein oxidation; similar catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, and reduced glutathione's (peroxidase - GPx, S-transferase - GST, and reductase - GR) activity than infected untreated cells. TDZ attenuated trypanothione reductase activity in T. cruzi, and protein antioxidant capacity in cardiomyocytes, making these cells more susceptible to HO-based oxidative challenge. In vivo, TDZ potentiated heart parasitism, total ROS production, myocarditis, lipid and protein oxidation; as well as reduced GPx, GR, and GST activities compared to untreated mice. Benznidazole decreased heart parasitism, total ROS production, heart inflammation, lipid and protein oxidation in T. cruzi-infected mice. Our findings indicate that TDZ simultaneously interact with enzymatic antioxidant targets in cardiomyocytes and T. cruzi, potentiating the infection by inducing antioxidant fragility and increasing cardiomyocytes and heart susceptibility to parasitism, inflammation and oxidative damage.
吩噻嗪类抑制利什曼原虫中的抗氧化酶。然而,在使用这些药物治疗克氏锥虫引起的感染性心肌炎时,潜在的宿主细胞抗氧化防御机制的干扰是一个核心关注点。因此,本文研究了噻吨嗪(TDZ)与克氏锥虫和心肌细胞抗氧化酶的相互作用,以及其对心肌细胞和心脏感染的影响。体外和体内实验中,对培养的心肌细胞和锥虫、以及接受噻吨嗪和苯并硝唑(Bz,参考抗寄生虫药物)治疗的小鼠进行了微观结构、生化和分子分析。TDZ 在体外对克氏锥虫的细胞毒性更大,选择性更低。与未感染的未处理细胞相比,TDZ 预处理的心肌细胞的感染率、活性氧(ROS)产生、脂质和蛋白质氧化增加;过氧化氢酶(CAT)和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性相似,谷胱甘肽(过氧化物酶-GPx、转移酶-GST 和还原酶-GR)活性降低。TDZ 降低了克氏锥虫中的三磷酸氢噻唑还原酶活性和心肌细胞中的蛋白质抗氧化能力,使这些细胞更容易受到基于 HO 的氧化应激。在体内,与未处理的小鼠相比,TDZ 增强了心脏寄生虫感染、总 ROS 产生、心肌炎、脂质和蛋白质氧化;以及 GPx、GR 和 GST 活性降低。苯并硝唑降低了感染克氏锥虫的小鼠的心脏寄生虫感染、总 ROS 产生、心脏炎症、脂质和蛋白质氧化。我们的研究结果表明,TDZ 同时与心肌细胞和克氏锥虫中的酶抗氧化靶标相互作用,通过诱导抗氧化脆弱性,增加心肌细胞和心脏对寄生虫感染、炎症和氧化损伤的敏感性,从而增强感染。