Salam Muhammad, Bo Dong, Alam Fakhri, Uddin Islam, Hossain Md Nuralam, Hayat Faisal, Ullah Waheed
Department of Environmental Science, School of Environment and Ecology, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China.
School of Architectural Engineering, Chuzhou Vocational and Technical College, Chuzhou, 239000, China.
Environ Geochem Health. 2024 May 30;46(6):209. doi: 10.1007/s10653-024-01965-w.
A comprehensive understanding of water quality is essential for assessing the complex relationship between surface water and sources of pollution. Primarily, surface water pollution is linked to human and animal waste discharges. This study aimed to investigate the physico-chemical characteristics of drinking water under both dry and wet conditions, assess the extent of bacterial contamination in samples collected from various locations in District Shangla, and evaluate potential health risks associated with consuming contaminated water within local communities. For this purpose, 120 groundwater and surface water samples were randomly collected from various sources such as storage tanks, user sites, streams, ponds and rivers in the study area. The results revealed that in Bisham, lakes had the highest fecal coliform levels among seven tested sources, followed by protected wells, reservoirs, downstream sources, springs, rivers, and ditches; while in Alpuri, nearly 80% of samples from five sources contained fecal coliform bacteria. Similarly, it was observed that the turbidity level, total dissolved solids, electrical conductivity, biological oxygen demand, and dissolved oxygen in the surface drinking water sources of Bisham were significantly higher than those in the surface drinking water sources of Alpuri. Furthermore, the results showed that in the Alpuri region, 14% of the population suffers from dysentery, 27% from diarrhea, 22% from cholera, 13% from hepatitis A, and 16% and 8% from typhoid and kidney problems, respectively, while in the Bisham area, 24% of residents are affected by diarrhea, 17% by cholera and typhoid, 15% by hepatitis A, 14% by dysentery, and 13% by kidney problems. These findings underscore the urgent need for improved water quality management practices and public health interventions to mitigate the risks associated with contaminated drinking water. It is recommended to implement regular water quality monitoring programs, enhance sanitation infrastructure, and raise awareness among local communities about the importance of safe drinking water practices to safeguard public health.
全面了解水质对于评估地表水与污染源之间的复杂关系至关重要。首先，地表水的污染主要与人类和动物粪便排放有关。本研究旨在调查干旱和潮湿条件下饮用水的理化特性，评估从上拉区不同地点采集的样本中的细菌污染程度，并评估当地社区饮用受污染水所带来的潜在健康风险。为此，从研究区域内的储水箱、用户点、溪流、池塘和河流等各种水源中随机采集了120份地下水和地表水样本。结果显示，在比沙姆，湖泊在七个测试水源中的粪便大肠菌群含量最高，其次是保护井、水库、下游水源、泉水、河流和沟渠；而在阿尔普里，五个水源中近80%的样本含有粪便大肠菌群细菌。同样，观察到比沙姆地表水饮用水源中的浊度、总溶解固体、电导率、生物需氧量和溶解氧显著高于阿尔普里地表水饮用水源中的相应指标。此外，结果表明，在阿尔普里地区，分别有14%的人口患有痢疾、27%患有腹泻、22%患有霍乱、13%患有甲型肝炎，以及16%和8%患有伤寒和肾脏问题；而在比沙姆地区，24%的居民受到腹泻影响，17%受到霍乱和伤寒影响，15%受到甲型肝炎影响，14%受到痢疾影响，13%受到肾脏问题影响。这些发现强调了迫切需要改进水质管理措施和公共卫生干预措施，以降低与受污染饮用水相关的风险。建议实施定期水质监测计划，加强卫生基础设施建设，并提高当地社区对安全饮用水做法重要性的认识，以保障公众健康。
