Fishery Machinery and Instrument Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fisheries Sciences, Shanghai 200092, China.
School of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China.
Aquat Toxicol. 2024 Jul;272:106974. doi: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2024.106974. Epub 2024 May 26.
The widespread occurrence of nanoplastic (NP) pollution in the environment is a growing concern, and its presence poses a potential threat to cultured aquatic animals. Previously, we found that NPs can significantly affect the lipid metabolism of shrimp. However, relevant reports about the effects of increasing dietary lipid levels on NP toxicity are lacking. Therefore, we explored the effects of dietary supplementation with different lipid levels on the growth and lipid metabolism of Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei). We cultured L. vannamei at three dietary lipid levels (3 %, 6 %, and 9 %) and three NP concentrations (0, 1, and 3 mg/L) for 2 months. We evaluated the effects of lipid levels on growth indexes, hepatopancreas morphological structure, lipid metabolism-related enzyme activity, and gene expression of the shrimp. The results showed that as lipid intake increased, the survival rate, body weight growth rate, and hepatosomatic ratio of the shrimp increased while the feed conversion rate decreased. Additionally, the crude protein and crude lipid contents increased, whereas the moisture and ash contents did not change much. We found that the morphological structure of the hepatopancreas was seriously damaged in the 3 mg/L NPs and 3 % dietary lipid group. Finally, lipid metabolism-related enzyme activities and gene expression levels increased with increased dietary lipid levels. Together, these results suggest that increasing dietary lipid content can improve shrimp growth and alleviate lipid metabolism disorders caused by NPs. This study is the first to show that nutrition regulation can alleviate the toxicity of NPs, and it provides a theoretical basis for the green and healthy culture of L. vannamei.
环境中广泛存在的纳米塑料（NP）污染是一个日益严重的问题，其存在对养殖水生动物构成了潜在威胁。此前，我们发现 NPs 可显著影响虾的脂质代谢。然而，关于增加膳食脂质水平对 NP 毒性的影响的相关报道较少。因此，我们探讨了不同膳食脂质水平对凡纳滨对虾（Litopenaeus vannamei）生长和脂质代谢的影响。我们在三种膳食脂质水平（3%、6%和 9%）和三种 NP 浓度（0、1 和 3 mg/L）下培养凡纳滨对虾 2 个月。我们评估了脂质水平对生长指标、肝胰腺形态结构、脂质代谢相关酶活性和虾基因表达的影响。结果表明，随着脂质摄入的增加，虾的存活率、体重增长率和肝体比增加，而饲料转化率降低。此外，粗蛋白和粗脂肪含量增加，而水分和灰分含量变化不大。我们发现，在 3 mg/L NPs 和 3%膳食脂质组中，肝胰腺的形态结构受到严重破坏。最后，脂质代谢相关酶活性和基因表达水平随膳食脂质水平的增加而增加。综上所述，增加膳食脂质含量可以改善虾的生长，并缓解 NPs 引起的脂质代谢紊乱。本研究首次表明，营养调节可以减轻 NPs 的毒性，为凡纳滨对虾的绿色健康养殖提供了理论依据。
