International Joint Research Center for Persistent Toxic Substances (IJRC-PTS), School of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, China; Research Center for Eco-Environment Protection of Songhua River Basin, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, China.
International Joint Research Center for Persistent Toxic Substances (IJRC-PTS), School of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, China; Research Center for Eco-Environment Protection of Songhua River Basin, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, China.
Sci Total Environ. 2024 Aug 20;939:173509. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173509. Epub 2024 May 28.
In recent years, neonicotinoid insecticides (NNIs), representing a new era of pest control, have increasingly replaced traditional classes such as organophosphorus compounds, carbamates, and pyrethroids due to their precise targeting and broad-spectrum efficacy. However, the high water solubility of NNIs has led to their pervasion in aquatic ecosystems, raising concerns about potential risks to non-target organisms and human health. Therefore, there is an urgent need for research on remediating NNI contamination in aquatic environments. This study demonstrates that biochar, characterized by its extensive surface area, intricate pore structure, and high degree of aromaticity holds significant promise for removing NNIs from water. The highest reported adsorption capacity of biochar for NNIs stands at 738.0 mg·g with degradation efficiencies reaching up to 100.0 %. This review unveils that the interaction mechanisms between biochar and NNIs primarily involve π-π interactions, electrostatic interactions, pore filling, and hydrogen bonding. Additionally, biochar facilitates various degradation pathways including Fenton reactions, photocatalytic, persulfate oxidations, and biodegradation predominantly through radical (such as SO4, OH, and O) as well as non-radical (such as O and electrons transfer) processes. This study emphasizes the dynamics of interaction between biochar surfaces and NNIs during adsorption and degradation aiming to elucidate mechanistic pathways involved as well as assess the overall efficacy of biochar in NNI removal. By comparing the identification of degradation products and degradation pathways, the necessity of advanced oxidation process is confirmed. This review highlights the significance of harnessing biochar's potential for mitigating NNI pollution through future application-oriented research and development endeavors, while simultaneously ensuring environmental integrity and promoting sustainable practices.
近年来，新烟碱类杀虫剂（NNIs）作为一种新型的害虫防治手段，因其精准靶向和广谱功效，逐渐取代了有机磷化合物、氨基甲酸酯类和拟除虫菊酯类等传统农药。然而，NNIs 的高水溶性导致其在水生生态系统中广泛存在，对非靶标生物和人类健康构成了潜在风险。因此，迫切需要研究修复水生环境中的 NNI 污染。本研究表明，生物炭具有大的比表面积、复杂的孔隙结构和高度的芳香性，对于从水中去除 NNIs 具有很大的潜力。生物炭对 NNIs 的最大吸附容量高达 738.0 mg·g-1，降解效率高达 100.0%。本综述揭示了生物炭与 NNIs 之间的相互作用机制主要涉及π-π相互作用、静电相互作用、孔填充和氢键。此外，生物炭还通过自由基（如 SO4、OH 和 O）和非自由基（如 O 和电子转移）过程促进各种降解途径，包括芬顿反应、光催化、过硫酸盐氧化和生物降解。本研究强调了生物炭表面与 NNIs 之间在吸附和降解过程中的相互作用动态，旨在阐明涉及的机制途径，并评估生物炭在 NNI 去除中的整体效果。通过比较降解产物和降解途径的鉴定，证实了高级氧化过程的必要性。本综述强调了通过未来面向应用的研究和开发努力，利用生物炭的潜力来减轻 NNI 污染的重要性，同时确保环境的完整性并促进可持续实践。
