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恶性外耳道炎和颅底骨髓炎的一种罕见病因。

A rare cause of malignant otitis externa and skull base osteomyelitis.

作者信息

Harding Freya, Howlett David, Al-Hashim Muhannad

机构信息

Otolaryngology, East Sussex Healthcare NHS Trust, Eastbourne, UK.

Radiology, East Sussex Healthcare NHS Trust, Eastbourne, UK.

出版信息

Br J Hosp Med (Lond). 2024 May 30;85(5):1-5. doi: 10.12968/hmed.2023.0421. Epub 2024 May 29.

Abstract

An elderly male with type 2 diabetes presented with a 2-month history of otalgia and severe headaches. He was diagnosed with malignant otitis externa (MOE) and was commenced on empirical treatment with oral ciprofloxacin. Pseudomonas is the most common cause of MOE. A baseline CT scan was undertaken that demonstrated skull base osteomyelitis (SBO) due to findings of bone erosion at the mastoid tip and an infiltrating soft tissue mass eroding the clivus. Eight weeks later, he returned with worsening and bilateral symptoms of otitis externa, hearing loss, temporomandibular pain and dysfunction. Worsening and now bilateral malignant otitis externa were confirmed with an MRI scan that also demonstrated a small fluid collection in his left temporal region. The collection was aspirated and grew scedosporium apiospermum. He was diagnosed with fungal SBO and was commenced on treatment with the antifungal voriconazole, with significant improvement in symptoms and radiological findings. Fungal osteomyelitis is more likely in immunosuppressed patients, particularly those with type 2 diabetes. Fungal aetiology should be suspected in patients with progressive symptoms, despite treatment. A microbiology diagnosis of fungal SBO or MOE can be challenging to obtain and can lead to diagnostic delay. A sampling of the external auditory canal can aid in diagnosing MOE; however, scedosporium may also be isolated as a commensal organism. Aspirations from accessible fluid collections, infratemporal fossa needle sample and bone biopsy can provide material for diagnosis. Scedosporium is a rare cause of disease in humans, however, fungal infections are increasing in humans, due to an increase in susceptible populations. Scedosporium apiospermum is a rare cause of SBO and should be considered in patients not responding to standard treatment.

摘要

一名老年男性2型糖尿病患者,有2个月耳痛和严重头痛病史。他被诊断为恶性外耳道炎(MOE),开始经验性口服环丙沙星治疗。铜绿假单胞菌是MOE最常见的病因。进行了基线CT扫描,结果显示由于乳突尖骨质侵蚀以及斜坡处浸润性软组织肿块侵蚀,存在颅底骨髓炎(SBO)。8周后,他因外耳道炎症状加重且双侧出现、听力丧失、颞下颌疼痛和功能障碍而复诊。MRI扫描证实MOE病情恶化且现已双侧发病,同时还显示其左侧颞区有少量液体积聚。对该液体积聚进行穿刺抽吸,培养出了尖端赛多孢菌。他被诊断为真菌性SBO,开始使用抗真菌药物伏立康唑治疗,症状和影像学表现均有显著改善。真菌性骨髓炎在免疫抑制患者中更常见,尤其是2型糖尿病患者。对于症状持续进展的患者,尽管已接受治疗,仍应怀疑真菌病因。真菌性SBO或MOE的微生物学诊断可能具有挑战性,且可能导致诊断延迟。对外耳道进行采样有助于MOE的诊断;然而,尖端赛多孢菌也可能作为共生菌被分离出来。对可触及的液体积聚进行穿刺抽吸、颞下窝针吸活检和骨活检可为诊断提供材料。尖端赛多孢菌是人类疾病的罕见病因,然而,由于易感人群增加,真菌感染在人类中呈上升趋势。尖端赛多孢菌是SBO的罕见病因,对于对标准治疗无反应的患者应予以考虑。

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