National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT.
Hunter New England Local Health District, Newcastle, NSW.
Med J Aust. 2024 Jun 17;220(11):561-565. doi: 10.5694/mja2.52320. Epub 2024 May 30.
To determine the proportion of people in New South Wales towns at high risk of Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) infections during the 2022 outbreak; to identify risk factors for JEV infection.
Cross-sectional serosurvey study of the seroprevalence of JEV-specific antibodies in NSW.
SETTING, PARTICIPANTS: Convenience sample of people (all ages) from five regional NSW towns deemed to be at high risk of JEV infections after first outbreak of Japanese encephalitis in southeastern Australia in early 2022 (Balranald, Corowa, Dubbo, Griffith, Temora), 21 June - 22 July 2022.
Proportion of people seropositive for JEV total antibody, assayed by defined epitope-blocking enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; prevalence odds ratios for exposure risk factors and protective behaviours.
Eighty of 917 eligible participants (559 girls or women, 61%; 42 Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people, 4.6%; median age, 52 years [IQR, 37-62 years]) were seropositive for JEV-specific total antibody (8.7%); the median age of seropositive people was 61 years (IQR, 48-70 years). The seropositivity proportion was largest for people aged 65 years or more (30 of 192; weighted proportion, 13.7%) and larger for male than female participants (30 of 358, 10.6% v 50 of 559, 7.5%). Five of 42 samples from Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander participants were seropositive (12%). We found mixed associations with a range of potential risk factors.
We found evidence for a substantial number of JEV infections in five regional NSW towns during a single arbovirus season in 2022. Public health responses, including effective surveillance, vaccination against JEV, and mosquito management, are critical for controlling outbreaks. Promoting behaviours that reduce exposure to mosquitoes is a core component of prevention, particularly when the vaccine supply is limited.
确定在 2022 年疫情期间新南威尔士州城镇中感染日本脑炎病毒（JEV）风险较高的人群比例；确定 JEV 感染的危险因素。
对新南威尔士州 JEV 特异性抗体血清阳性率的横断面血清学调查研究。
地点、参与者：2022 年初澳大利亚东南部首次爆发日本脑炎后，认为有感染 JEV 高风险的五个新南威尔士州城镇（巴拉腊特、科罗瓦、达博、格里菲斯、铁拉默拉）的便利样本人群（所有年龄段），2022 年 6 月 21 日至 7 月 22 日。
通过特定表位阻断酶联免疫吸附试验检测 JEV 总抗体的血清阳性率；暴露危险因素和保护行为的患病率比值比。
917 名符合条件的参与者中，有 80 名（559 名女性或女性，61%；42 名原住民和托雷斯海峡岛民，4.6%；中位年龄 52 岁[IQR，37-62 岁]）血清 JEV 总抗体阳性（8.7%）；血清阳性者的中位年龄为 61 岁（IQR，48-70 岁）。65 岁及以上人群的血清阳性比例最大（192 人中有 30 人，加权比例为 13.7%），男性参与者的血清阳性比例大于女性参与者（358 人中有 30 人，10.6%，559 人中有 50 人，7.5%）。42 名原住民和托雷斯海峡岛民参与者中有 5 名（12%）样本呈血清阳性。我们发现了一系列潜在危险因素的混合关联。
我们发现，在 2022 年一个单一的虫媒病毒季节，新南威尔士州五个地区城镇中有大量 JEV 感染证据。公共卫生应对措施，包括有效监测、JEV 疫苗接种和蚊虫管理，对控制疫情至关重要。减少接触蚊子的行为是预防的核心组成部分，特别是在疫苗供应有限的情况下。
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