Rehabilitation Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
Orthotics and Prosthetics Department, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
Proc Inst Mech Eng H. 2024 Jul;238(7):755-763. doi: 10.1177/09544119241248553. Epub 2024 May 31.
Toe-in gait is a pathology in which the child walks and turns the foot inward instead of pointing straight ahead. The alignment of the lower limb structure changes in this disease, increasing the incidence of knee and hip osteoarthritis. This study aimed to determine the kinematic and joint loading in subjects walking with a toe-in gait pattern. This study selected two groups of subjects: normal subjects and those with toe-in gait due to an increased femoral head anteversion angle (each group consisted of 15 subjects). A Qualisys motion analysis system and a Kistler force plate were used to record the motions and forces applied to the leg while walking. OpenSim software (version 3.3) was used to analyze the range of motion, moments, muscle forces, and joint contact forces in both groups of subjects. The mean values of stride length for normal subjects (1.1 ± 0.141 m) and those with toe-in gait (0.94 ± 0.183 m) differed significantly. The mediolateral component of the ground reaction force decreased significantly in the toe-in gait group compared to normal subjects (-value = 0.05). The peak force of most of the hip joint muscles increased significantly in those with toe-in gait compared to normal subjects (-value < 0.05). The results of this study showed that those with toe-in gait, due to an increase in femoral head anteversion angle, only had a change in rotation of the pelvic and hip joint. There was no significant difference between walking speed and most ground reaction force components between normal subjects and those with toe-in gait. As the peaks of most of the hip joint muscles increased significantly in the toe-in gait group, this increased joint contact forces (especially the anteroposterior component of the hip joint and the mediolateral component of the knee joint), which may ultimately increase the incidence of hip and knee joint osteoarthritis.
内八字步态是一种病症，患儿行走时足部向内旋转，而不是指向正前方。这种疾病会改变下肢结构的排列，增加膝关节和髋关节骨关节炎的发病率。本研究旨在确定内八字步态患者的运动学和关节负荷。本研究选择了两组受试者：正常受试者和因股骨头前倾角增加而出现内八字步态的受试者（每组各 15 名）。使用 Qualisys 运动分析系统和 Kistler 测力板记录受试者行走时腿部的运动和受力。使用 OpenSim 软件（版本 3.3）分析两组受试者的运动范围、力矩、肌肉力量和关节接触力。正常受试者（1.1±0.141m）和内八字步态受试者（0.94±0.183m）的步长平均值差异显著。与正常受试者相比，内八字步态组的地面反力横向分量显著降低（-值=0.05）。与正常受试者相比，内八字步态组大多数髋关节肌肉的峰值力显著增加（-值<0.05）。本研究结果表明，由于股骨头前倾角增加，内八字步态患者仅出现骨盆和髋关节旋转的变化。正常受试者和内八字步态患者的行走速度和大多数地面反力分量之间没有显著差异。由于内八字步态组大多数髋关节肌肉的峰值显著增加，这增加了关节接触力（特别是髋关节的前后向分量和膝关节的横向分量），这可能最终增加髋关节和膝关节骨关节炎的发病率。
